Role of Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 and -9 in the Development of Diabetic Retinopathy

Overview

Journal J Ocul Biol Dis Infor

Publisher Springer

Specialty Ophthalmology

Date 2013 Jul 9

PMID 23833698

Citations 17

Authors

Ghulam Mohammad

Mohammad Mairaj Siddiquei

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Diabetic retinopathy represents the most common causes of vision loss in patients affected by diabetes mellitus. The cause of vision loss in diabetic retinopathy is complex and remains incompletely understood. One of the earliest changes in the development of retinopathy is the accelerated apoptosis of retinal microvascular cells and the formation of acellular capillaries by unknown mechanism. Results of a recent research suggest an important role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in the development of diabetic retinopathy. MMPs are a large family of proteinases that remodel extracellular matrix components, and under pathological condition, its induction is considered as a negative regulator of cell survival; and in diabetes, latent MMPs are activated in the retina and its capillary cells, and activation of MMP-2 and -9 induces apoptosis of retinal capillary cells. This review will focus on the MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the diabetic retina with special reference to oxidative stress, mitochondria dysfunction, inflammation and angiogenesis, as well as summarizing the current information linking these proteins to pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy.

Citing Articles

Mechanisms of macular edema.

Haydinger C, Ferreira L, Williams K, Smith J Front Med (Lausanne). 2023; 10:1128811.

PMID: 36960343 PMC: 10027768. DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1128811.

Comparative assessment of bone mineral density levels in type 2 diabetic subjects with or without chronic periodontitis: A cross-sectional study.

Ateeq H, Zia A, Husain Q, Bey A J Adv Periodontol Implant Dent. 2022; 13(1):28-34.

PMID: 35919913 PMC: 9327490. DOI: 10.34172/japid.2021.008.

Glial and Vascular Cell Regulation of the Blood-Brain Barrier in Diabetes.

Li X, Cai Y, Zhang Z, Zhou J Diabetes Metab J. 2022; 46(2):222-238.

PMID: 35299293 PMC: 8987684. DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2021.0146.

Bodi N, Mezei D, Chakraborty P, Szalai Z, Barta B, Balazs J World J Diabetes. 2021; 12(5):658-672.

PMID: 33995853 PMC: 8107976. DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i5.658.

Diabetic Nephropathy - a Review of Risk Factors, Progression, Mechanism, and Dietary Management.

Natesan V, Kim S Biomol Ther (Seoul). 2021; 29(4):365-372.

PMID: 33888647 PMC: 8255138. DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2020.204.

References

Haorah J, Ramirez S, Schall K, Smith D, Pandya R, Persidsky Y . Oxidative stress activates protein tyrosine kinase and matrix metalloproteinases leading to blood-brain barrier dysfunction. J Neurochem. 2007; 101(2):566-76. DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.04393.x. View

Mohammad G, Kowluru R . Matrix metalloproteinase-2 in the development of diabetic retinopathy and mitochondrial dysfunction. Lab Invest. 2010; 90(9):1365-72. PMC: 2925063. DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2010.89. View

Ottino P, Finley J, Rojo E, Ottlecz A, Lambrou G, Bazan H . Hypoxia activates matrix metalloproteinase expression and the VEGF system in monkey choroid-retinal endothelial cells: Involvement of cytosolic phospholipase A2 activity. Mol Vis. 2004; 10:341-50. View

Chang C, LoCicero 3rd J . Overexpressed nuclear factor kappaB correlates with enhanced expression of interleukin-1beta and inducible nitric oxide synthase in aged murine lungs to endotoxic stress. Ann Thorac Surg. 2004; 77(4):1222-7. DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2003.09.128. View

Kowluru R, Odenbach S . Role of interleukin-1beta in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. Br J Ophthalmol. 2004; 88(10):1343-7. PMC: 1772347. DOI: 10.1136/bjo.2003.038133. View

Kowluru R . Role of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in the development of diabetic retinopathy and its regulation by H-Ras. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2010; 51(8):4320-6. PMC: 2910650. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.09-4851. View

Dosso A, Leuenberger P, Rungger-Brandle E . Remodeling of retinal capillaries in the diabetic hypertensive rat. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1999; 40(10):2405-10. View

Lin C, Wang F, Kuo Y, Huang Y, Huang H, Sun Y . Ras modulation of superoxide activates ERK-dependent fibronectin expression in diabetes-induced renal injuries. Kidney Int. 2006; 69(9):1593-600. DOI: 10.1038/sj.ki.5000329. View

Jacot J, Sherris D . Potential Therapeutic Roles for Inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway in the Pathophysiology of Diabetic Retinopathy. J Ophthalmol. 2011; 2011:589813. PMC: 3205601. DOI: 10.1155/2011/589813. View

10.

Klein R . Diabetic retinopathy. Annu Rev Public Health. 1996; 17:137-58. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.pu.17.050196.001033. View

11.

Adamis A, Berman A . Immunological mechanisms in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. Semin Immunopathol. 2008; 30(2):65-84. DOI: 10.1007/s00281-008-0111-x. View

12.

Yousif M . Signal transduction through Ras-GTPase and Ca2+/ calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II contributes to development of diabetes-induced renal vascular dysfunction. Cell Biochem Funct. 2005; 24(4):299-305. DOI: 10.1002/cbf.1301. View

13.

Abu El-Asrar A, Van den Steen P, Al-Amro S, Missotten L, Opdenakker G, Geboes K . Expression of angiogenic and fibrogenic factors in proliferative vitreoretinal disorders. Int Ophthalmol. 2007; 27(1):11-22. DOI: 10.1007/s10792-007-9053-x. View

14.

Kowluru R, Odenbach S . Effect of long-term administration of alpha-lipoic acid on retinal capillary cell death and the development of retinopathy in diabetic rats. Diabetes. 2004; 53(12):3233-8. DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.53.12.3233. View

15.

Mohammad G, Kowluru R . Diabetic retinopathy and signaling mechanism for activation of matrix metalloproteinase-9. J Cell Physiol. 2011; 227(3):1052-61. PMC: 3801274. DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22822. View

16.

Salvemini D, Ischiropoulos H, Cuzzocrea S . Roles of nitric oxide and superoxide in inflammation. Methods Mol Biol. 2003; 225:291-303. DOI: 10.1385/1-59259-374-7:291. View

17.

Berkowitz B, Roberts R, Stemmler A, Luan H, Gradianu M . Impaired apparent ion demand in experimental diabetic retinopathy: correction by lipoic Acid. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2007; 48(10):4753-8. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.07-0433. View

18.

Ishizaki E, Takai S, Ueki M, Maeno T, Maruichi M, Sugiyama T . Correlation between angiotensin-converting enzyme, vascular endothelial growth factor, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in the vitreous of eyes with diabetic retinopathy. Am J Ophthalmol. 2006; 141(1):129-134. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2005.08.066. View

19.

Hollborn M, Stathopoulos C, Steffen A, Wiedemann P, Kohen L, Bringmann A . Positive feedback regulation between MMP-9 and VEGF in human RPE cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2007; 48(9):4360-7. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.06-1234. View

20.

Abu El-Asrar A . Role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol. 2012; 19(1):70-4. PMC: 3277027. DOI: 10.4103/0974-9233.92118. View