The Potential Modal Shift and Health Benefits of Implementing a Public Bicycle Share Program in Montreal, Canada

Overview

Journal Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act

Publisher Biomed Central

Specialties Nutritional Sciences
Orthopedics
Social Sciences

Date 2013 May 28

PMID 23705934

Citations 9

Authors

Daniel Fuller

Lise Gauvin

Yan Kestens

Patrick Morency

Louis Drouin

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: This study estimated the modal shift associated with the implementation of a public bicycle share program in Montreal, Canada.

Methods: A population-based sample of adults participated in two cross sectional telephone surveys. Self-reported travel behaviors were collected at the end of the first (fall 2009) and second (fall 2010) season of implementation. The sample included 2502 (Mean age=47.8 years, 61.8% female), and 2509 (Mean age=48.9 years, 59.0% female) adult respondents in each survey.

Results: The estimated modal shift associated with the implementation of the PBSP from motor vehicle use to walking, cycling, and public transportation was 6483 and 8023 trips in 2009 and 2010. This change represents 0.34% and 0.43% of all motor vehicle trips in Montreal.

Conclusions: The implementation of a PBSP was associated with a shift toward active transportation. The modal shift was complex and not simply the result of a discrete shift from one mode to another. Promotion of active transportation should encourage integration of multiple active transportation modes to better reflect people's actual transportation behaviors.

Citing Articles

Associations between gentrification, census tract-level socioeconomic status, and cycling infrastructure expansions in Montreal, Canada.

Kiani B, Thierry B, Apparicio P, Firth C, Fuller D, Winters M SSM Popul Health. 2024; 25:101637.

PMID: 38426032 PMC: 10901850. DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2024.101637.

Changes in physical activity after joining a bikeshare program: a cohort of new bikeshare users.

Auchincloss A, Michael Y, Niamatullah S, Li S, Melly S, Pharis M Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2022; 19(1):132.

PMID: 36195957 PMC: 9533574. DOI: 10.1186/s12966-022-01353-6.

Effects of Psychological Factors on Modal Shift from Car to Dockless Bike Sharing: A Case Study of Nanjing, China.

Ma X, Cao R, Wang J Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019; 16(18).

PMID: 31540094 PMC: 6765915. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16183420.

Estimating the Relative Impact of Clinical and Preventive Community-Based Interventions: An Example Based on the Community Transformation Grant Program.

Yarnoff B, Bradley C, Honeycutt A, Soler R, Orenstein D Prev Chronic Dis. 2019; 16:E87.

PMID: 31274409 PMC: 6638589. DOI: 10.5888/pcd16.180594.

Effects of new dock-less bicycle-sharing programs on cycling: a retrospective study in Shanghai.

Jia Y, Ding D, Gebel K, Chen L, Zhang S, Ma Z BMJ Open. 2019; 9(2):e024280.

PMID: 30782900 PMC: 6398781. DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024280.

References

Thomson H, Jepson R, Hurley F, Douglas M . Assessing the unintended health impacts of road transport policies and interventions: translating research evidence for use in policy and practice. BMC Public Health. 2008; 8:339. PMC: 2567981. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-8-339. View

Fuller D, Gauvin L, Kestens Y, Daniel M, Fournier M, Morency P . Use of a new public bicycle share program in Montreal, Canada. Am J Prev Med. 2011; 41(1):80-3. DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2011.03.002. View

Naess O, Piro F, Nafstad P, Davey Smith G, Leyland A . Air pollution, social deprivation, and mortality: a multilevel cohort study. Epidemiology. 2007; 18(6):686-94. DOI: 10.1097/EDE.0b013e3181567d14. View

de Nazelle A, Nieuwenhuijsen M, Anto J, Brauer M, Briggs D, Braun-Fahrlander C . Improving health through policies that promote active travel: a review of evidence to support integrated health impact assessment. Environ Int. 2011; 37(4):766-77. DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2011.02.003. View

Morency P, Cloutier M . From targeted "black spots" to area-wide pedestrian safety. Inj Prev. 2006; 12(6):360-4. PMC: 2564412. DOI: 10.1136/ip.2006.013326. View

Frank L, Andresen M, Schmid T . Obesity relationships with community design, physical activity, and time spent in cars. Am J Prev Med. 2004; 27(2):87-96. DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2004.04.011. View

Yang L, Sahlqvist S, McMinn A, Griffin S, Ogilvie D . Interventions to promote cycling: systematic review. BMJ. 2010; 341:c5293. PMC: 2957539. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.c5293. View

Jacobsen P . Safety in numbers: more walkers and bicyclists, safer walking and bicycling. Inj Prev. 2003; 9(3):205-9. PMC: 1731007. DOI: 10.1136/ip.9.3.205. View

Pucher J, Dill J, Handy S . Infrastructure, programs, and policies to increase bicycling: an international review. Prev Med. 2009; 50 Suppl 1:S106-25. DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2009.07.028. View

10.

Fuller D, Gauvin L, Kestens Y . Individual- and area-level disparities in access to the road network, subway system and a public bicycle share program on the Island of Montreal, Canada. Ann Behav Med. 2013; 45 Suppl 1:S95-100. DOI: 10.1007/s12160-012-9433-y. View

11.

Hartog J, Boogaard H, Nijland H, Hoek G . Do the health benefits of cycling outweigh the risks?. Environ Health Perspect. 2010; 118(8):1109-16. PMC: 2920084. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.0901747. View

12.

Sallis J, Cervero R, Ascher W, Henderson K, Kraft M, Kerr J . An ecological approach to creating active living communities. Annu Rev Public Health. 2006; 27:297-322. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.publhealth.27.021405.102100. View

13.

Wagner A, Simon C, Ducimetiere P, Montaye M, Bongard V, Yarnell J . Leisure-time physical activity and regular walking or cycling to work are associated with adiposity and 5 y weight gain in middle-aged men: the PRIME Study. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2001; 25(7):940-8. DOI: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0801635. View

14.

Rojas-Rueda D, de Nazelle A, Tainio M, Nieuwenhuijsen M . The health risks and benefits of cycling in urban environments compared with car use: health impact assessment study. BMJ. 2011; 343:d4521. PMC: 3150633. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.d4521. View

15.

Young S, Caisey V . Mind shift, mode shift: a lifestyle approach to reducing car ownership and use based on behavioural economics and social marketing. Perspect Public Health. 2010; 130(3):136-42. DOI: 10.1177/1757913909354151. View

16.

Saelens B, Sallis J, Frank L . Environmental correlates of walking and cycling: findings from the transportation, urban design, and planning literatures. Ann Behav Med. 2003; 25(2):80-91. DOI: 10.1207/S15324796ABM2502_03. View

17.

Elvik R . Evaluations of road accident blackspot treatment: a case of the Iron Law of Evaluation Studies?. Accid Anal Prev. 1997; 29(2):191-9. DOI: 10.1016/s0001-4575(96)00070-x. View

18.

Beck L, Dellinger A, ONeil M . Motor vehicle crash injury rates by mode of travel, United States: using exposure-based methods to quantify differences. Am J Epidemiol. 2007; 166(2):212-8. DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwm064. View

19.

Fuller D, Gauvin L, Kestens Y, Daniel M, Fournier M, Morency P . Impact evaluation of a public bicycle share program on cycling: a case example of BIXI in Montreal, Quebec. Am J Public Health. 2013; 103(3):e85-92. PMC: 3673500. DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2012.300917. View

20.

von Huth Smith L, Borch-Johnsen K, Jorgensen T . Commuting physical activity is favourably associated with biological risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Eur J Epidemiol. 2007; 22(11):771-9. DOI: 10.1007/s10654-007-9177-3. View