Panmictic Structure of the Cryptosporidium Parvum Population in Irish Calves: Influence of Prevalence and Host Movement

Overview

Journal Appl Environ Microbiol

Specialties Environmental Health
Microbiology

Date 2013 Feb 12

PMID 23396342

Citations 10

Authors

Valerie De Waele

Frederik Van den Broeck

Tine Huyse

Guy McGrath

Isabella Higgins

Niko Speybroeck

Marco Berzano

Pat Raleigh

Grace M Mulcahy

Thomas M Murphy

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

In total, 245 Cryptosporidium parvum specimens obtained from calves in 205 Irish herds between 2003 and 2005 were subtyped by sequencing the glycoprotein gene gp60 and performing multilocus analysis of seven markers. The transmission dynamics of C. parvum and the influence of temporal, spatial, parasitic, and host-related factors on the parasite (sub)populations were studied. The relationship of those factors to the risk of cryptosporidiosis was also investigated using results from 1,368 fecal specimens submitted to the veterinary laboratories for routine diagnosis during 2005. The prevalence was greatest in the northwest and midwest of the country and on farms that bought in calves. The panmixia (random mating) detected in the C. parvum population may relate to its high prevalence, the cattle density, and the frequent movement of cattle. However, local variations in these factors were reflected in the C. parvum subpopulations. This study demonstrated the importance of biosecurity in the control of bovine cryptosporidiosis (e.g., isolation and testing of calves before introduction into a herd). Furthermore, the zoonotic risk of C. parvum was confirmed, as most specimens possessed GP60 and MS1 subtypes previously described in humans.

Citing Articles

Epidemiological and Molecular Study of in Preweaned Calves in Kuwait.

Majeed Q, AlAzemi M, Al-Sayegh M, Abdou N Animals (Basel). 2022; 12(14).

PMID: 35883352 PMC: 9312042. DOI: 10.3390/ani12141805.

spp. diagnosis and research in the 21 century.

OLeary J, Sleator R, Lucey B Food Waterborne Parasitol. 2021; 24:e00131.

PMID: 34471706 PMC: 8390533. DOI: 10.1016/j.fawpar.2021.e00131.

Development of novel methodology for the molecular differentiation of subtypes via high resolution melting analysis.

O Leary J, Blake L, Corcoran G, Sleator R, Lucey B MethodsX. 2020; 7:101157.

PMID: 33318958 PMC: 7724200. DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2020.101157.

Population structure and geographical segregation of Cryptosporidium parvum IId subtypes in cattle in China.

Zhang Z, Hu S, Zhao W, Guo Y, Li N, Zheng Z Parasit Vectors. 2020; 13(1):425.

PMID: 32811542 PMC: 7437029. DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04303-y.

Taxonomic and Functional Compositions of the Small Intestinal Microbiome in Neonatal Calves Provide a Framework for Understanding Early Life Gut Health.

Malmuthuge N, Liang G, Griebel P, Guan L Appl Environ Microbiol. 2019; 85(6).

PMID: 30658973 PMC: 6414372. DOI: 10.1128/AEM.02534-18.

References

Betancourt W, Rose J . Drinking water treatment processes for removal of Cryptosporidium and Giardia. Vet Parasitol. 2004; 126(1-2):219-34. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.09.002. View

White P, Frankena K, OKeeffe J, More S, Martin S . Predictors of the first between-herd animal movement for cattle born in 2002 in Ireland. Prev Vet Med. 2010; 97(3-4):264-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2010.09.017. View

De Waele V, Berzano M, Berkvens D, Speybroeck N, Lowery C, Mulcahy G . Age-stratified Bayesian analysis to estimate sensitivity and specificity of four diagnostic tests for detection of Cryptosporidium oocysts in neonatal calves. J Clin Microbiol. 2010; 49(1):76-84. PMC: 3020464. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.01424-10. View

Haubold B, Hudson R . LIAN 3.0: detecting linkage disequilibrium in multilocus data. Linkage Analysis. Bioinformatics. 2000; 16(9):847-8. DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/16.9.847. View

Anderson T, Haubold B, Williams J, Estrada-Franco J, Richardson L, MOLLINEDO R . Microsatellite markers reveal a spectrum of population structures in the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Mol Biol Evol. 2000; 17(10):1467-82. DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026247. View

Xiao L, Feng Y . Zoonotic cryptosporidiosis. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 2008; 52(3):309-23. DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695X.2008.00377.x. View

Thompson H, Dooley J, Kenny J, McCoy M, Lowery C, Moore J . Genotypes and subtypes of Cryptosporidium spp. in neonatal calves in Northern Ireland. Parasitol Res. 2006; 100(3):619-24. PMC: 7087809. DOI: 10.1007/s00436-006-0305-x. View

Tanriverdi S, Markovics A, Arslan M, Itik A, Shkap V, Widmer G . Emergence of distinct genotypes of Cryptosporidium parvum in structured host populations. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2006; 72(4):2507-13. PMC: 1449037. DOI: 10.1128/AEM.72.4.2507-2513.2006. View

Sulaiman I, Hira P, Zhou L, Al-Ali F, Al-Shelahi F, Shweiki H . Unique endemicity of cryptosporidiosis in children in Kuwait. J Clin Microbiol. 2005; 43(6):2805-9. PMC: 1151898. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.43.6.2805-2809.2005. View

10.

De Waele V, Speybroeck N, Berkvens D, Mulcahy G, Murphy T . Control of cryptosporidiosis in neonatal calves: use of halofuginone lactate in two different calf rearing systems. Prev Vet Med. 2010; 96(3-4):143-51. PMC: 7114106. DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2010.06.017. View

11.

Glaberman S, Moore J, Lowery C, Chalmers R, Sulaiman I, Elwin K . Three drinking-water-associated cryptosporidiosis outbreaks, Northern Ireland. Emerg Infect Dis. 2002; 8(6):631-3. PMC: 2738494. DOI: 10.3201/eid0806.010368. View

12.

Xiao L, Bern C, Limor J, Sulaiman I, Roberts J, Checkley W . Identification of 5 types of Cryptosporidium parasites in children in Lima, Peru. J Infect Dis. 2001; 183(3):492-7. DOI: 10.1086/318090. View

13.

Nydam D, Wade S, Schaaf S, Mohammed H . Number of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts or Giardia spp cysts shed by dairy calves after natural infection. Am J Vet Res. 2001; 62(10):1612-5. DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.2001.62.1612. View

14.

Xiao L . Molecular epidemiology of cryptosporidiosis: an update. Exp Parasitol. 2009; 124(1):80-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2009.03.018. View

15.

Alves M, Xiao L, Sulaiman I, Lal A, Matos O, Antunes F . Subgenotype analysis of Cryptosporidium isolates from humans, cattle, and zoo ruminants in Portugal. J Clin Microbiol. 2003; 41(6):2744-7. PMC: 156540. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.41.6.2744-2747.2003. View

16.

Santin M, Trout J, Fayer R . A longitudinal study of cryptosporidiosis in dairy cattle from birth to 2 years of age. Vet Parasitol. 2008; 155(1-2):15-23. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.04.018. View

17.

Feil E, Li B, Aanensen D, Hanage W, Spratt B . eBURST: inferring patterns of evolutionary descent among clusters of related bacterial genotypes from multilocus sequence typing data. J Bacteriol. 2004; 186(5):1518-30. PMC: 344416. DOI: 10.1128/JB.186.5.1518-1530.2004. View

18.

Brook E, Hart C, French N, Christley R . Molecular epidemiology of Cryptosporidium subtypes in cattle in England. Vet J. 2007; 179(3):378-82. DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2007.10.023. View

19.

Zintl A, Ezzaty-Mirashemi M, Chalmers R, Elwin K, Mulcahy G, Lucy F . Longitudinal and spatial distribution of GP60 subtypes in human cryptosporidiosis cases in Ireland. Epidemiol Infect. 2011; 139(12):1945-55. DOI: 10.1017/S0950268810002992. View

20.

Frankena K, Somers J, Schouten W, van Stek J, Metz J, Stassen E . The effect of digital lesions and floor type on locomotion score in Dutch dairy cows. Prev Vet Med. 2008; 88(2):150-7. DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2008.08.004. View