Photovoltaic Retinal Prosthesis with High Pixel Density

Overview

Journal Nat Photonics

Date 2012 Oct 11

PMID 23049619

Citations 158

Authors

Keith Mathieson

James Loudin

Georges Goetz

Philip Huie

Lele Wang

Theodore I Kamins

Ludwig Galambos

Richard Smith

James S Harris

Alexander Sher

Daniel Palanker

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Retinal degenerative diseases lead to blindness due to loss of the "image capturing" photoreceptors, while neurons in the "image processing" inner retinal layers are relatively well preserved. Electronic retinal prostheses seek to restore sight by electrically stimulating surviving neurons. Most implants are powered through inductive coils, requiring complex surgical methods to implant the coil-decoder-cable-array systems, which deliver energy to stimulating electrodes via intraocular cables. We present a photovoltaic subretinal prosthesis, in which silicon photodiodes in each pixel receive power and data directly through pulsed near-infrared illumination and electrically stimulate neurons. Stimulation was produced in normal and degenerate rat retinas, with pulse durations from 0.5 to 4 ms, and threshold peak irradiances from 0.2 to 10 mW/mm(2), two orders of magnitude below the ocular safety limit. Neural responses were elicited by illuminating a single 70 μm bipolar pixel, demonstrating the possibility of a fully-integrated photovoltaic retinal prosthesis with high pixel density.

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