Antibacterial Effects of Blackberry Extract Target Periodontopathogens

Overview

Journal J Periodontal Res

Specialty Dentistry

Date 2012 Jul 21

PMID 22812456

Citations 14

Authors

O A Gonzalez

C Escamilla

R J Danaher

J Dai

J L Ebersole

R J Mumper

C S Miller

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background And Objective: Antimicrobial agents provide valuable adjunctive therapy for the prevention and the control of oral diseases. Limitations in their prolonged use have stimulated the search for new, naturally occurring agents with more specific activity and fewer adverse effects. Here we sought to determine the antibacterial properties of blackberry extract (BBE) in vitro against oral bacterial commensals and periodontopathogens.

Material And Methods: The effects of whole and fractionated BBE on the metabolism of 10 different oral bacteria were evaluated using the colorimetric water-soluble tetrazolium-1 assay. The bactericidal effects of whole BBE against Fusobacterium nucleatum were determined by quantitating the numbers of colony-forming units (CFUs). Cytotoxicity was determined in oral epithelial (OKF6) cells.

Results: BBE at 350-1400 μg/mL reduced the metabolic activity of Porphyromonas gingivalis, F. nucleatum and Streptococcus mutans. The reduced metabolic activity observed for F. nucleatum corresponded to a reduction in the numbers of CFUs following exposure to BBE for as little as 1 h, indicative of its bactericidal properties. An anthocyanin-enriched fraction of BBE reduced the metabolic activity of F. nucleatum, but not of P. gingivalis or S. mutans, suggesting the contribution of species-specific agents in the whole BBE. Oral epithelial cell viability was not reduced following exposure to whole BBE (2.24-1400 μg/mL) for ≤ 6 h.

Conclusion: BBE alters the metabolic activity of oral periodontopathogens while demonstrating a minimal effect on commensals. The specific antibacterial properties of BBE shown in this study, along with its previously demonstrated anti-inflammatory and antiviral properties, make this natural extract a promising target as an adjunct for prevention and/or complementary therapy of periodontal infections.

Citing Articles

as a Potential Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Biofilm Agent Against Anaerobic Infections: An In Vitro Study.

Miranda D, Tome F, Miguel M, Liberato S, Marcucci M, Vigerelli H Plants (Basel). 2025; 14(4).

PMID: 40006756 PMC: 11860129. DOI: 10.3390/plants14040497.

Herbal remedies for oral and dental health: a comprehensive review of their multifaceted mechanisms including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant pathways.

Anwar M, Sayed G, Hal D, Hafeez M, Shatat A, Salman A Inflammopharmacology. 2025; .

PMID: 39907951 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-024-01631-8.

The relationship of dietary flavonoids and periodontitis in US population: a cross-sectional NHANES analysis.

Liu Y, Yin T, He M, Fang C, Peng S Clin Oral Investig. 2024; 28(3):168.

PMID: 38396151 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05561-1.

Biological Properties of Recently Described Wild Bramble against the Species from Similar Niches.

Grabek-Lejko D, Wolanin M, Szpytma A, Pajda D, Milek M, Puchalski C Foods. 2024; 13(2).

PMID: 38275704 PMC: 10815075. DOI: 10.3390/foods13020337.

Phytochemicals Determination, and Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Anti-Inflammatory and Anticancer Activities of Blackberry Fruits.

Gil-Martinez L, Mut-Salud N, Ruiz-Garcia J, Falcon-Pineiro A, Maijo-Ferre M, Banos A Foods. 2023; 12(7).

PMID: 37048326 PMC: 10094647. DOI: 10.3390/foods12071505.

References

Tomas I, Cousido M, Tomas M, Limeres J, Garcia-Caballero L, Diz P . In vivo bactericidal effect of 0.2% chlorhexidine but not 0.12% on salivary obligate anaerobes. Arch Oral Biol. 2008; 53(12):1186-91. DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2008.07.009. View

Wennstrom J, Lindhe J . The effect of mouthrinses on parameters characterizing human periodontal disease. J Clin Periodontol. 1986; 13(1):86-93. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.1986.tb01419.x. View

Loe H, SCHIOTT C . The effect of mouthrinses and topical application of chlorhexidine on the development of dental plaque and gingivitis in man. J Periodontal Res. 1970; 5(2):79-83. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.1970.tb00696.x. View

Nohynek L, Alakomi H, Kahkonen M, Heinonen M, Helander I, Oksman-Caldentey K . Berry phenolics: antimicrobial properties and mechanisms of action against severe human pathogens. Nutr Cancer. 2006; 54(1):18-32. DOI: 10.1207/s15327914nc5401_4. View

Hildebrandt G, Sparks B . Maintaining mutans streptococci suppression with xylitol chewing gum. J Am Dent Assoc. 2000; 131(7):909-16. DOI: 10.14219/jada.archive.2000.0309. View

Danaher R, Wang C, Roland A, Kaetzel C, Greenberg R, Miller C . HIV protease inhibitors block oral epithelial cell DNA synthesis. Arch Oral Biol. 2009; 55(2):95-100. PMC: 2818864. DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2009.12.001. View

Feng Z, Weinberg A . Role of bacteria in health and disease of periodontal tissues. Periodontol 2000. 2006; 40:50-76. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0757.2005.00148.x. View

Viskelis P, Rubinskiene M, Jasutiene I, Sarkinas A, Daubaras R, Cesoniene L . Anthocyanins, antioxidative, and antimicrobial properties of American cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) and their press cakes. J Food Sci. 2009; 74(2):C157-61. DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2009.01066.x. View

Dai J, Gupte A, Gates L, Mumper R . A comprehensive study of anthocyanin-containing extracts from selected blackberry cultivars: extraction methods, stability, anticancer properties and mechanisms. Food Chem Toxicol. 2009; 47(4):837-47. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2009.01.016. View

10.

Murapa P, Dai J, Chung M, Mumper R, DOrazio J . Anthocyanin-rich fractions of blackberry extracts reduce UV-induced free radicals and oxidative damage in keratinocytes. Phytother Res. 2011; 26(1):106-12. DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3510. View

11.

Loe H, Von Der Fehr F, SCHIOTT C . Inhibition of experimental caries by plaque prevention. The effect of chlorhexidine mouthrinses. Scand J Dent Res. 1972; 80(1):1-9. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.1972.tb00257.x. View

12.

Hannig C, Sorg J, Spitzmuller B, Hannig M, Al-Ahmad A . Polyphenolic beverages reduce initial bacterial adherence to enamel in situ. J Dent. 2009; 37(7):560-6. DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2009.03.017. View

13.

Eke P, Thornton-Evans G, Wei L, Borgnakke W, Dye B . Accuracy of NHANES periodontal examination protocols. J Dent Res. 2010; 89(11):1208-13. DOI: 10.1177/0022034510377793. View

14.

Li L, Kashleva H, Dongari-Bagtzoglou A . Cytotoxic and cytokine-inducing properties of Candida glabrata in single and mixed oral infection models. Microb Pathog. 2007; 42(4):138-47. PMC: 1973167. DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2006.12.003. View

15.

Socransky S, Haffajee A, Cugini M, Smith C, Kent Jr R . Microbial complexes in subgingival plaque. J Clin Periodontol. 1998; 25(2):134-44. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.1998.tb02419.x. View

16.

Tsukatani T, Suenaga H, Higuchi T, Akao T, Ishiyama M, Ezoe K . Colorimetric cell proliferation assay for microorganisms in microtiter plate using water-soluble tetrazolium salts. J Microbiol Methods. 2008; 75(1):109-16. DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2008.05.016. View

17.

Teng Y, Taylor G, Scannapieco F, Kinane D, Curtis M, Beck J . Periodontal health and systemic disorders. J Can Dent Assoc. 2002; 68(3):188-92. View

18.

Rosan B, Lamont R . Dental plaque formation. Microbes Infect. 2000; 2(13):1599-607. DOI: 10.1016/s1286-4579(00)01316-2. View

19.

Cavanagh H, Hipwell M, Wilkinson J . Antibacterial activity of berry fruits used for culinary purposes. J Med Food. 2003; 6(1):57-61. DOI: 10.1089/109662003765184750. View

20.

Danaher R, Wang C, Dai J, Mumper R, Miller C . Antiviral effects of blackberry extract against herpes simplex virus type 1. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2011; 112(3):e31-5. PMC: 3154751. DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2011.04.007. View