Expert Review on Poliovirus Immunity and Transmission

Overview

Journal Risk Anal

Specialty Public Health

Date 2012 Jul 19

PMID 22804479

Citations 62

Authors

Radboud J Duintjer Tebbens

Mark A Pallansch

Konstantin M Chumakov

Neal A Halsey

Tapani Hovi

Philip D Minor

John F Modlin

Peter A Patriarca

Roland W Sutter

Peter F Wright

Steven G F Wassilak

Stephen L Cochi

Jong-Hoon Kim

Kimberly M Thompson

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Successfully managing risks to achieve wild polioviruses (WPVs) eradication and address the complexities of oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) cessation to stop all cases of paralytic poliomyelitis depends strongly on our collective understanding of poliovirus immunity and transmission. With increased shifting from OPV to inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV), numerous risk management choices motivate the need to understand the tradeoffs and uncertainties and to develop models to help inform decisions. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention hosted a meeting of international experts in April 2010 to review the available literature relevant to poliovirus immunity and transmission. This expert review evaluates 66 OPV challenge studies and other evidence to support the development of quantitative models of poliovirus transmission and potential outbreaks. This review focuses on characterization of immunity as a function of exposure history in terms of susceptibility to excretion, duration of excretion, and concentration of excreted virus. We also discuss the evidence of waning of host immunity to poliovirus transmission, the relationship between the concentration of poliovirus excreted and infectiousness, the importance of different transmission routes, and the differences in transmissibility between OPV and WPV. We discuss the limitations of the available evidence for use in polio risk models, and conclude that despite the relatively large number of studies on immunity, very limited data exist to directly support quantification of model inputs related to transmission. Given the limitations in the evidence, we identify the need for expert input to derive quantitative model inputs from the existing data.

Citing Articles

Characterization of environmental and clinical surveillance inputs to support prospective integrated modeling of the polio endgame.

Badizadegan K, Thompson K PLOS Glob Public Health. 2025; 5(2):e0004168.

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A literature review and evidence-based evaluation of the Dutch national immunisation schedule yield possibilities for improvements.

Pluijmaekers A, Steens A, Houweling H, Rots N, Benschop K, van Binnendijk R Vaccine X. 2024; 20:100556.

PMID: 39444596 PMC: 11497366. DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2024.100556.

An automated assay platform for the evaluation of antiviral compounds against polioviruses.

Rhoden E, Mainou B J Virol Methods. 2024; 329:115006.

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Trade-offs of different poliovirus vaccine options for outbreak response in the United States and other countries that only use inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) in routine immunization.

Thompson K, Kalkowska D, Kidd S, Burns C, Badizadegan K Vaccine. 2024; 42(4):819-827.

PMID: 38218668 PMC: 10947589. DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.12.081.

Complexity of options related to restarting oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) in national immunization programs after OPV cessation.

Kalkowska D, Wassilak S, Wiesen E, Estivariz C, Burns C, Badizadegan K Gates Open Res. 2023; 7:55.

PMID: 37547300 PMC: 10403636. DOI: 10.12688/gatesopenres.14511.1.

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