Inflammation As a Link Between Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome

Overview

Journal J Nutr Metab

Publisher Wiley

Date 2012 Apr 24

PMID 22523672

Citations 124

Authors

Faloia Emanuela

Michetti Grazia

De Robertis Marco

Luconi Maria Paola

Furlani Giorgio

Boscaro Marco

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

The metabolic syndrome is a complex of clinical features leading to an increased risk for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus in both sexes. Visceral obesity and insulin resistance are considered the main features determining the negative cardiovascular profile in metabolic syndrome. The aim of this paper is to highlight the central role of obesity in the development of a chronic low-grade inflammatory state that leads to insulin resistance, endothelial and microvascular dysfunctions. It is thought that the starting signal of this inflammation is overfeeding and the pathway origins in all the metabolic cells; the subsequent increase in cytokine production recruits immune cells in the extracellular environment inducing an overall systemic inflammation. This paper focuses on the molecular and cellular inflammatory mechanisms studied until now.

Citing Articles

A Panel of Diverse Inflammatory Biomarkers Is Not Associated with BMI-Calibrated Obesity nor with Dyslipidemia or Dysglycemia in Clinically Healthy Adults Aged 20 to 40 Years.

Sater M, Malalla Z, Ali M, Giha H Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2025; 22(2).

PMID: 40003433 PMC: 11855404. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph22020207.

Circulating hs-CRP, IL-18, Chemerin, Leptin, and Adiponectin Levels Reflect Cardiometabolic Dysfunction in Adults with Excess Weight.

Lara-Guzman O, Arango-Gonzalez A, Alvarez-Quintero R, Escobar J, Munoz-Durango K, Sierra J Int J Mol Sci. 2025; 26(3).

PMID: 39940942 PMC: 11818792. DOI: 10.3390/ijms26031176.

Early prediction of preeclampsia using the first trimester vaginal microbiome.

Kindschuh W, Austin G, Meydan Y, Park H, Urban J, Watters E bioRxiv. 2024; .

PMID: 39677801 PMC: 11642775. DOI: 10.1101/2024.12.01.626267.

Relationship between METS-IR and ABSI index and the prevalence of nocturia: a cross-sectional analysis from the 2005-2020 NHANES data.

Xue F, Zhou Y Sci Rep. 2024; 14(1):29971.

PMID: 39623038 PMC: 11611885. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-81721-3.

The biochemical effects of carotenoids in orange carrots on the colonic proteome in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity.

Balbuena E, Milhem F, Kiremitci B, Islam Williams T, Collins L, Shu Q Front Nutr. 2024; 11:1492380.

PMID: 39588046 PMC: 11587903. DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1492380.

References

Faloia E, Tirabassi G, Canibus P, Boscaro M . Protective effect of leg fat against cardiovascular risk factors in obese premenopausal women. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2008; 19(1):39-44. DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2008.02.004. View

Ramachandran A, Snehalatha C, Vijay V . Low risk threshold for acquired diabetogenic factors in Asian Indians. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2004; 65(3):189-95. DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2004.03.012. View

Stern M, Williams K, Gonzalez-Villalpando C, Hunt K, Haffner S . Does the metabolic syndrome improve identification of individuals at risk of type 2 diabetes and/or cardiovascular disease?. Diabetes Care. 2004; 27(11):2676-81. DOI: 10.2337/diacare.27.11.2676. View

Pasqui A, Puccetti L, Di Renzo M, Bruni F, Camarri A, Palazzuoli A . Structural and functional abnormality of systemic microvessels in cardiac syndrome X. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2005; 15(1):56-64. DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2004.05.001. View

VAGUE J . Sexual differentiation; Factor determining forms of obesity. Presse Med (1893). 1947; 55(30):339. View

Aljada A, Mohanty P, Ghanim H, Abdo T, Tripathy D, Chaudhuri A . Increase in intranuclear nuclear factor kappaB and decrease in inhibitor kappaB in mononuclear cells after a mixed meal: evidence for a proinflammatory effect. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004; 79(4):682-90. DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/79.4.682. View

Achike F, To N, Wang H, Kwan C . Obesity, metabolic syndrome, adipocytes and vascular function: A holistic viewpoint. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2010; 38(1):1-10. DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2010.05460.x. View

Gonzalez-Gay M, de Matias J, Gonzalez-Juanatey C, Garcia-Porrua C, Sanchez-Andrade A, Martin J . Anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha blockade improves insulin resistance in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2006; 24(1):83-6. View

Wilson P, DAgostino R, Levy D, Belanger A, Silbershatz H, Kannel W . Prediction of coronary heart disease using risk factor categories. Circulation. 1998; 97(18):1837-47. DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.97.18.1837. View

10.

Halberg N, Wernstedt-Asterholm I, Scherer P . The adipocyte as an endocrine cell. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2008; 37(3):753-68, x-xi. PMC: 2659415. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecl.2008.07.002. View

11.

Hotamisligil G . Inflammation and metabolic disorders. Nature. 2006; 444(7121):860-7. DOI: 10.1038/nature05485. View

12.

Prins J, Niesler C, Winterford C, Bright N, Siddle K, ORahilly S . Tumor necrosis factor-alpha induces apoptosis of human adipose cells. Diabetes. 1997; 46(12):1939-44. DOI: 10.2337/diab.46.12.1939. View

13.

Steinberg H, Chaker H, LEAMING R, Johnson A, Brechtel G, Baron A . Obesity/insulin resistance is associated with endothelial dysfunction. Implications for the syndrome of insulin resistance. J Clin Invest. 1996; 97(11):2601-10. PMC: 507347. DOI: 10.1172/JCI118709. View

14.

Hotamisligil G, Peraldi P, Budavari A, Ellis R, White M, Spiegelman B . IRS-1-mediated inhibition of insulin receptor tyrosine kinase activity in TNF-alpha- and obesity-induced insulin resistance. Science. 1996; 271(5249):665-8. DOI: 10.1126/science.271.5249.665. View

15.

Stenlof K, Wernstedt I, Fjallman T, Wallenius V, Wallenius K, Jansson J . Interleukin-6 levels in the central nervous system are negatively correlated with fat mass in overweight/obese subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003; 88(9):4379-83. DOI: 10.1210/jc.2002-021733. View

16.

Rosenzweig J, Ferrannini E, Grundy S, Haffner S, Heine R, Horton E . Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes in patients at metabolic risk: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008; 93(10):3671-89. DOI: 10.1210/jc.2008-0222. View

17.

Nakamura T, Furuhashi M, Li P, Cao H, Tuncman G, Sonenberg N . Double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase links pathogen sensing with stress and metabolic homeostasis. Cell. 2010; 140(3):338-48. PMC: 2820414. DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2010.01.001. View

18.

Alberti K, Zimmet P, Shaw J . The metabolic syndrome--a new worldwide definition. Lancet. 2005; 366(9491):1059-62. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67402-8. View

19.

Turner R, Millns H, Neil H, Stratton I, Manley S, Matthews D . Risk factors for coronary artery disease in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus: United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS: 23). BMJ. 1998; 316(7134):823-8. PMC: 28484. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.316.7134.823. View

20.

Hu G, Qiao Q, Tuomilehto J, Balkau B, Borch-Johnsen K, Pyorala K . Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and its relation to all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in nondiabetic European men and women. Arch Intern Med. 2004; 164(10):1066-76. DOI: 10.1001/archinte.164.10.1066. View