Design of "smart" Probes for Optical Imaging of Apoptosis

Overview

Journal Am J Nucl Med Mol Imaging

Date 2012 Apr 20

PMID 22514789

Citations 30

Authors

Xinglu Huang

Seulki Lee

Xiaoyuan Chen

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Apoptosis is a mode of programmed cell death in multicellular organisms and plays a central role in controlling embryonic development, growth and differentiation and monitoring the induction of tumor cell death through anticancer therapy. Since the most effective chemotherapeutics rely on apoptosis, imaging apoptotic processes can be an invaluable tool to monitor therapeutic intervention and discover new drugs modulating apoptosis. The most attractive target for developing specific apoptosis imaging probes is caspases, crucial mediators of apoptosis. Up to now, various optical imaging strategies for apoptosis have been developed as an easy and economical modality. However, current optical applications are limited by poor sensitivity and specificity. A subset of molecular imaging contrast agents known as "activatable" or "smart" molecular probes allow for very high signal-to-background ratios compared to conventional targeted contrast agents and open up the possibility of imaging intracellular targets. In this review, we will discuss the unique design strategies and applications of activatable probes recently developed for fluorescence and bioluminescence imaging of caspase activity.

Citing Articles

Shedding light on the use of graphene oxide-thiosemicarbazone hybrids towards the rapid immobilisation of methylene blue and functional coumarins.

Bradley D, Sarpaki S, Mirabello V, Giuffrida S, Kociok-Kohn G, Calatayud D Nanoscale Adv. 2024; 6(9):2287-2305.

PMID: 38694476 PMC: 11059481. DOI: 10.1039/d3na01042b.

Dual-colour (near-infrared/visible) emitting annexin V for fluorescence imaging of tumour cell apoptosis and .

Tsuboi S, Jin T RSC Adv. 2022; 10(63):38244-38250.

PMID: 35517522 PMC: 9057337. DOI: 10.1039/d0ra06495e.

Ho-Induced ZnO: Structural, Electron Density Distribution and Antibacterial Activity for Biomedical Application.

Vignesh K, Sivaganesh D, Saravanakumar S, Rani M Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2022; 195(6):3941-3965.

PMID: 35298766 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-03865-0.

In Vitro and In Vivo Fluorescence Imaging of Antibody-Drug Conjugate-Induced Tumor Apoptosis Using Annexin V-EGFP Conjugated Quantum Dots.

Tsuboi S, Jin T ACS Omega. 2022; 7(2):2105-2113.

PMID: 35071899 PMC: 8772308. DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05636.

A Review on Green Synthesis, Biomedical Applications, and Toxicity Studies of ZnO NPs.

Kalpana V, Devi Rajeswari V Bioinorg Chem Appl. 2018; 2018:3569758.

PMID: 30154832 PMC: 6093006. DOI: 10.1155/2018/3569758.

References

Angers S, Salahpour A, Joly E, Hilairet S, Chelsky D, Dennis M . Detection of beta 2-adrenergic receptor dimerization in living cells using bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000; 97(7):3684-9. PMC: 16300. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.97.7.3684. View

Pfleger K, Dromey J, Dalrymple M, Lim E, Thomas W, Eidne K . Extended bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (eBRET) for monitoring prolonged protein-protein interactions in live cells. Cell Signal. 2006; 18(10):1664-70. DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2006.01.004. View

Kobayashi H, Choyke P . Target-cancer-cell-specific activatable fluorescence imaging probes: rational design and in vivo applications. Acc Chem Res. 2010; 44(2):83-90. PMC: 3040277. DOI: 10.1021/ar1000633. View

Riedl S, Shi Y . Molecular mechanisms of caspase regulation during apoptosis. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2004; 5(11):897-907. DOI: 10.1038/nrm1496. View

Bao S, Wu Q, McLendon R, Hao Y, Shi Q, Hjelmeland A . Glioma stem cells promote radioresistance by preferential activation of the DNA damage response. Nature. 2006; 444(7120):756-60. DOI: 10.1038/nature05236. View

Lee S, Xie J, Chen X . Peptides and peptide hormones for molecular imaging and disease diagnosis. Chem Rev. 2010; 110(5):3087-111. PMC: 2868934. DOI: 10.1021/cr900361p. View

Otsuji T, Okuda-Ashitaka E, Kojima S, Akiyama H, Ito S, Ohmiya Y . Monitoring for dynamic biological processing by intramolecular bioluminescence resonance energy transfer system using secreted luciferase. Anal Biochem. 2004; 329(2):230-7. DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2004.03.010. View

Jacobson M, Weil M, Raff M . Programmed cell death in animal development. Cell. 1997; 88(3):347-54. DOI: 10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81873-5. View

Cao F, Xie X, Gollan T, Zhao L, Narsinh K, Lee R . Comparison of gene-transfer efficiency in human embryonic stem cells. Mol Imaging Biol. 2009; 12(1):15-24. PMC: 2803751. DOI: 10.1007/s11307-009-0236-x. View

10.

Starkey J, Rebane A, Drobizhev M, Meng F, Gong A, Elliott A . New two-photon activated photodynamic therapy sensitizers induce xenograft tumor regressions after near-IR laser treatment through the body of the host mouse. Clin Cancer Res. 2008; 14(20):6564-73. DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-07-4162. View

11.

De A, Ray P, Loening A, Gambhir S . BRET3: a red-shifted bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET)-based integrated platform for imaging protein-protein interactions from single live cells and living animals. FASEB J. 2009; 23(8):2702-9. PMC: 2717762. DOI: 10.1096/fj.08-118919. View

12.

Lee S, Xie J, Chen X . Activatable molecular probes for cancer imaging. Curr Top Med Chem. 2010; 10(11):1135-44. PMC: 3629980. DOI: 10.2174/156802610791384270. View

13.

De A, Gambhir S . Noninvasive imaging of protein-protein interactions from live cells and living subjects using bioluminescence resonance energy transfer. FASEB J. 2005; 19(14):2017-9. DOI: 10.1096/fj.05-4628fje. View

14.

Edinger M, Cao Y, Verneris M, Bachmann M, Contag C, Negrin R . Revealing lymphoma growth and the efficacy of immune cell therapies using in vivo bioluminescence imaging. Blood. 2002; 101(2):640-8. DOI: 10.1182/blood-2002-06-1751. View

15.

De A, Loening A, Gambhir S . An improved bioluminescence resonance energy transfer strategy for imaging intracellular events in single cells and living subjects. Cancer Res. 2007; 67(15):7175-83. PMC: 4161127. DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-06-4623. View

16.

Lee S, Choi K, Chung H, Ryu J, Lee A, Koo H . Real time, high resolution video imaging of apoptosis in single cells with a polymeric nanoprobe. Bioconjug Chem. 2011; 22(2):125-31. DOI: 10.1021/bc1004119. View

17.

Laxman B, Hall D, Bhojani M, Hamstra D, Chenevert T, Ross B . Noninvasive real-time imaging of apoptosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002; 99(26):16551-5. PMC: 139181. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.252644499. View

18.

Howley B, Fearnhead H . Caspases as therapeutic targets. J Cell Mol Med. 2008; 12(5A):1502-16. PMC: 3918066. DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2008.00292.x. View

19.

Fink S, Cookson B . Apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necrosis: mechanistic description of dead and dying eukaryotic cells. Infect Immun. 2005; 73(4):1907-16. PMC: 1087413. DOI: 10.1128/IAI.73.4.1907-1916.2005. View

20.

Lee S, Park K, Kim K, Choi K, Kwon I . Activatable imaging probes with amplified fluorescent signals. Chem Commun (Camb). 2008; (36):4250-60. DOI: 10.1039/b806854m. View