Parent-of-origin Effects on Gene Expression and DNA Methylation in the Maize Endosperm

Overview

Journal Plant Cell

Publisher Oxford University Press

Specialties Biology
Cell Biology

Date 2011 Dec 27

PMID 22198147

Citations 107

Authors

Amanda J Waters

Irina Makarevitch

Steve R Eichten

Ruth A Swanson-Wagner

Cheng-Ting Yeh

Wayne Xu

Patrick S Schnable

Matthew W Vaughn

Mary Gehring

Nathan M Springer

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Imprinting describes the differential expression of alleles based on their parent of origin. Deep sequencing of RNAs from maize (Zea mays) endosperm and embryo tissue 14 d after pollination was used to identify imprinted genes among a set of ~12,000 genes that were expressed and contained sequence polymorphisms between the B73 and Mo17 genotypes. The analysis of parent-of-origin patterns of expression resulted in the identification of 100 putative imprinted genes in maize endosperm, including 54 maternally expressed genes (MEGs) and 46 paternally expressed genes (PEGs). Three of these genes have been previously identified as imprinted, while the remaining 97 genes represent novel imprinted maize genes. A genome-wide analysis of DNA methylation identified regions with reduced endosperm DNA methylation in, or near, 19 of the 100 imprinted genes. The reduced levels of DNA methylation in endosperm are caused by hypomethylation of the maternal allele for both MEGs and PEGs in all cases tested. Many of the imprinted genes with reduced DNA methylation levels also show endosperm-specific expression patterns. The imprinted maize genes were compared with imprinted genes identified in genome-wide screens of rice (Oryza sativa) and Arabidopsis thaliana, and at least 10 examples of conserved imprinting between maize and each of the other species were identified.

Citing Articles

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Imprinting but not cytonuclear interactions determines seed size heterosis in Arabidopsis hybrids.

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