HIV: Inflammation and Bone

Overview

Journal Curr HIV/AIDS Rep

Publisher Current Science

Specialty Infectious Diseases

Date 2011 Dec 20

PMID 22179898

Citations 46

Authors

Ighovwerha Ofotokun

Emily Mcintosh

M Neale Weitzmann

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy (ART) are now established independent risk factors for osteoporosis. With a spate of recent studies reporting significant elevations in fracture prevalence in HIV patients, and a rapidly aging demographic, defining the mechanisms underlying HIV/ART-induced skeletal decline has become imperative. The recent emergence of the field of "osteoimmunology" has provided a conceptual framework to explain how the immune and skeletal systems interact. Furthermore, it is becoming clear that inflammatory states leading to perturbations in the immuno-skeletal interface, a convergence of common cells and cytokine mediators that regulate both immune and skeletal systems, conspire to imbalance bone turnover and induce osteoporosis. In this review we examine the role of inflammation in the bone loss associated with diverse inflammatory conditions and new concepts into how the underlying mechanisms by which inflammation and immune dysregulation impact bone turnover may be pertinent to the mechanisms involved in HIV/ART-induced bone loss.

Citing Articles

A Descriptive Analysis of Nasal Polyposis in HIV Positive Versus HIV Negative Patients.

Molokomme T, Maharaj S, Motakef S Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2024; 76(4):3289-3297.

PMID: 39130228 PMC: 11306855. DOI: 10.1007/s12070-024-04674-z.

Contribution of viral and bacterial infections to senescence and immunosenescence.

Reyes A, Ortiz G, Duarte L, Fernandez C, Hernandez-Armengol R, Palacios P Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2023; 13:1229098.

PMID: 37753486 PMC: 10518457. DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1229098.

Massively HIV-1-infected macrophages exhibit a severely hampered ability to differentiate into osteoclasts.

Sviercz F, Jarmoluk P, Cevallos C, Lopez C, Freiberger R, Guano A Front Immunol. 2023; 14:1206099.

PMID: 37404829 PMC: 10315468. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1206099.

IL-27 Modulates the Cytokine Secretion in the T Cell-Osteoclast Crosstalk During HIV Infection.

Li T, Hadigan C, Whitlock J, Qin J, Kumar J, Kumar P Front Immunol. 2022; 13:818677.

PMID: 35479090 PMC: 9037094. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.818677.

Immune Reconstitution Bone Loss Exacerbates Bone Degeneration Due to Natural Aging in a Mouse Model.

Weitzmann M, Weiss D, Vikulina T, Roser-Page S, Yu K, McGee-Lawrence M J Infect Dis. 2021; 226(1):38-48.

PMID: 34962571 PMC: 9373144. DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab631.

References

Weitzmann M, Cenci S, Rifas L, Haug J, DiPersio J, Pacifici R . T cell activation induces human osteoclast formation via receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand-dependent and -independent mechanisms. J Bone Miner Res. 2001; 16(2):328-37. DOI: 10.1359/jbmr.2001.16.2.328. View

Eghbali-Fatourechi G, Khosla S, Sanyal A, Boyle W, Lacey D, Riggs B . Role of RANK ligand in mediating increased bone resorption in early postmenopausal women. J Clin Invest. 2003; 111(8):1221-30. PMC: 152939. DOI: 10.1172/JCI17215. View

Bruera D, Luna N, David D, Bergoglio L, Zamudio J . Decreased bone mineral density in HIV-infected patients is independent of antiretroviral therapy. AIDS. 2003; 17(13):1917-23. DOI: 10.1097/00002030-200309050-00010. View

Brown T, Qaqish R . Antiretroviral therapy and the prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis: a meta-analytic review. AIDS. 2006; 20(17):2165-74. DOI: 10.1097/QAD.0b013e32801022eb. View

Khosla S . Minireview: the OPG/RANKL/RANK system. Endocrinology. 2001; 142(12):5050-5. DOI: 10.1210/endo.142.12.8536. View

Takayanagi H, Ogasawara K, Hida S, Chiba T, Murata S, Sato K . T-cell-mediated regulation of osteoclastogenesis by signalling cross-talk between RANKL and IFN-gamma. Nature. 2000; 408(6812):600-5. DOI: 10.1038/35046102. View

Schett G, David J . The multiple faces of autoimmune-mediated bone loss. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2010; 6(12):698-706. DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2010.190. View

Kawai T, Matsuyama T, Hosokawa Y, Makihira S, Seki M, Karimbux N . B and T lymphocytes are the primary sources of RANKL in the bone resorptive lesion of periodontal disease. Am J Pathol. 2006; 169(3):987-98. PMC: 1698808. DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2006.060180. View

Brenchley J, Price D, Schacker T, Asher T, Silvestri G, Rao S . Microbial translocation is a cause of systemic immune activation in chronic HIV infection. Nat Med. 2006; 12(12):1365-71. DOI: 10.1038/nm1511. View

10.

Calvi L, Adams G, Weibrecht K, Weber J, Olson D, Knight M . Osteoblastic cells regulate the haematopoietic stem cell niche. Nature. 2003; 425(6960):841-6. DOI: 10.1038/nature02040. View

11.

Fry T, Mackall C . Interleukin-7: master regulator of peripheral T-cell homeostasis?. Trends Immunol. 2001; 22(10):564-71. DOI: 10.1016/s1471-4906(01)02028-2. View

12.

Abitbol V, Roux C, Chaussade S, Guillemant S, Kolta S, Dougados M . Metabolic bone assessment in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology. 1995; 108(2):417-22. DOI: 10.1016/0016-5085(95)90068-3. View

13.

Merlotti D, Gennari L, Dotta F, Lauro D, Nuti R . Mechanisms of impaired bone strength in type 1 and 2 diabetes. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2010; 20(9):683-90. DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2010.07.008. View

14.

Prior J, Burdge D, Maan E, Milner R, Hankins C, Klein M . Fragility fractures and bone mineral density in HIV positive women: a case-control population-based study. Osteoporos Int. 2007; 18(10):1345-53. DOI: 10.1007/s00198-007-0428-7. View

15.

Kong Y, Yoshida H, Sarosi I, Tan H, Timms E, Capparelli C . OPGL is a key regulator of osteoclastogenesis, lymphocyte development and lymph-node organogenesis. Nature. 1999; 397(6717):315-23. DOI: 10.1038/16852. View

16.

DAmelio P, Grimaldi A, Di Bella S, Brianza S, Cristofaro M, Tamone C . Estrogen deficiency increases osteoclastogenesis up-regulating T cells activity: a key mechanism in osteoporosis. Bone. 2008; 43(1):92-100. DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2008.02.017. View

17.

Simonet W, Lacey D, Dunstan C, Kelley M, Chang M, Luthy R . Osteoprotegerin: a novel secreted protein involved in the regulation of bone density. Cell. 1997; 89(2):309-19. DOI: 10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80209-3. View

18.

De Milito A . B lymphocyte dysfunctions in HIV infection. Curr HIV Res. 2004; 2(1):11-21. DOI: 10.2174/1570162043485068. View

19.

Lopez-Granados E, Temmerman S, Wu L, Reynolds J, Follmann D, Liu S . Osteopenia in X-linked hyper-IgM syndrome reveals a regulatory role for CD40 ligand in osteoclastogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007; 104(12):5056-61. PMC: 1817828. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0605715104. View

20.

Noel D, Djouad F, Bouffi C, Mrugala D, Jorgensen C . Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells and immune tolerance. Leuk Lymphoma. 2007; 48(7):1283-9. DOI: 10.1080/10428190701361869. View