Predictors of Persistence in Girls with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Results from an 11-year Controlled Follow-up Study

Overview

Journal Acta Psychiatr Scand

Specialty Psychiatry

Date 2011 Nov 22

PMID 22097933

Citations 39

Authors

J Biederman

C R Petty

K B OConnor

L L Hyder

S V Faraone

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Objective: This study sought to examine the age-dependent persistence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and its predictors in a large sample of girls with and without ADHD followed prospectively for 11 years into young adulthood.

Method: Participants were girls with (N=96) and without (N=91) ADHD and were 6-17 years old at the baseline assessment (mean age, 11 years) and 15-30 years old at the follow-up assessment (mean: 22 years). Participants were comprehensively and blindly assessed with structured diagnostic interviews and assessments of cognitive, social, school, and family functioning.

Results: At the 11-year follow-up, 33.3% met full criteria for ADHD, 29.2% showed partial persistence of the disorder, 10.4% had impaired functioning, and 4.2% were remitted but treated (77.1% of the sample). Predictors of persistence were psychiatric comorbidity, family history of psychopathology, and family and school functioning at baseline.

Conclusion: These long-term, prospective, follow-up findings extend to girls findings that ADHD is persistent over the long term and can be predicted from psychosocial adversity and psychiatric comorbidity ascertained 11 years earlier.

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