Incidence and Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Type Distribution of Genital Warts in a Multinational Cohort of Men: the HPV in Men Study

Overview

Journal J Infect Dis

Publisher Oxford University Press

Specialty Infectious Diseases

Date 2011 Oct 21

PMID 22013227

Citations 37

Authors

Gabriella M Anic

Ji-Hyun Lee

Heather Stockwell

Dana E Rollison

Yougui Wu

Mary R Papenfuss

Luisa L Villa

Eduardo Lazcano-Ponce

Christine Gage

Roberto Jose C Silva

Maria L Baggio

Manuel Quiterio

Jorge Salmeron

Martha Abrahamsen

Anna R Giuliano

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: Data on the natural history of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related genital warts (GWs) in men are sparse. We described the distribution of HPV types in incident GWs and estimated GW incidence and time from type-specific incident HPV infections to GW detection in a multinational cohort of men aged 18-70 years.

Methods: Participants included 2487 men examined for GWs and tested for HPV every 6 months and followed up for a median of 17.9 months. Samples were taken from 112 men with incident GWs to test for HPV DNA by polymerase chain reaction.

Results: Incidence of GWs was 2.35 cases per 1000 person-years, with highest incidence among men aged 18-30 years (3.43 cases per 1000 person-years). HPV 6 (43.8%), HPV 11 (10.7%), and HPV 16 (9.8%) were the genotypes most commonly detected in GWs. The 24-month cumulative incidence of GWs among men with incident HPV 6/11 infections was 14.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 7.5%-21.1%). Median time to GW detection was 17.1 months (95% CI, 12.4-19.3 months), with shortest time to detection among men with incident infections with HPV 6/11 only (6.2 months; 95% CI, 5.6-24.2 months).

Conclusions: HPV 6/11 plays an important role in GW development, with the highest incidence and shortest time to detection among men with incident HPV 6/11 infection.

Citing Articles

Human Papilloma Virus Infection in Men: A Specific Human Virome or a Specific Pathology?.

culav I, Skerlev M, Starcevic L, Hrabac P, Ljubojevic Hadzavdic S, Beslic I Genes (Basel). 2025; 16(2).

PMID: 40004559 PMC: 11855728. DOI: 10.3390/genes16020230.

The Oncogenic Human Papillomavirus Involvement as a Risk Factor of Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Vaccine Immunotherapy Failure in Anogenital Warts.

Achdiat P, Ismiranty D, Hindritiani R, Rizqandaru T, Usman H, Maharani R Int Med Case Rep J. 2025; 18():83-90.

PMID: 39830042 PMC: 11742370. DOI: 10.2147/IMCRJ.S498892.

Systematic literature review on the clinical and economic burden of human papillomavirus-related diseases in select areas in the Asia-Pacific region.

Lou P, Phongsamart W, Sukarom I, Wu Y, Zaidi O, Du F Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2024; 20(1):2425535.

PMID: 39552456 PMC: 11581193. DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2425535.

Structured Literature Review to Identify Human Papillomavirus's Natural History Parameters for Dynamic Population Models of Vaccine Impacts.

Diakite I, Martins B, Owusu-Edusei K, Palmer C, Patterson-Lomba O, Gomez-Lievano A Infect Dis Ther. 2024; 13(5):965-990.

PMID: 38589763 PMC: 11098984. DOI: 10.1007/s40121-024-00952-z.

The Immune Response Generated against HPV Infection in Men and Its Implications in the Diagnosis of Cancer.

Chihu-Amparan L, Pedroza-Saavedra A, Gutierrez-Xicotencatl L Microorganisms. 2023; 11(6).

PMID: 37375112 PMC: 10301280. DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061609.

References

Wiley D, Douglas J, Beutner K, Cox T, Fife K, Moscicki A . External genital warts: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Clin Infect Dis. 2002; 35(Suppl 2):S210-24. DOI: 10.1086/342109. View

Jeynes C, Chung M, Challenor R . 'Shame on you'--the psychosocial impact of genital warts. Int J STD AIDS. 2009; 20(8):557-60. DOI: 10.1258/ijsa.2008.008412. View

Lacey C . Therapy for genital human papillomavirus-related disease. J Clin Virol. 2005; 32 Suppl 1:S82-90. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2004.10.020. View

Winer R, Kiviat N, Hughes J, Adam D, Lee S, Kuypers J . Development and duration of human papillomavirus lesions, after initial infection. J Infect Dis. 2005; 191(5):731-8. DOI: 10.1086/427557. View

Koutsky L . Epidemiology of genital human papillomavirus infection. Am J Med. 1997; 102(5A):3-8. DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9343(97)00177-0. View

Dinh T, Sternberg M, Dunne E, Markowitz L . Genital warts among 18- to 59-year-olds in the United States, national health and nutrition examination survey, 1999--2004. Sex Transm Dis. 2008; 35(4):357-60. DOI: 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e3181632d61. View

Ulm K . A simple method to calculate the confidence interval of a standardized mortality ratio (SMR). Am J Epidemiol. 1990; 131(2):373-5. DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115507. View

Giuliano A, Palefsky J, Goldstone S, Moreira Jr E, Penny M, Aranda C . Efficacy of quadrivalent HPV vaccine against HPV Infection and disease in males. N Engl J Med. 2011; 364(5):401-11. PMC: 3495065. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa0909537. View

Arima Y, Winer R, Feng Q, Hughes J, Lee S, Stern M . Development of genital warts after incident detection of human papillomavirus infection in young men. J Infect Dis. 2010; 202(8):1181-4. DOI: 10.1086/656368. View

10.

Oriel J . Natural history of genital warts. Br J Vener Dis. 1971; 47(1):1-13. PMC: 1048137. DOI: 10.1136/sti.47.1.1. View

11.

Koshiol J, Laurent S, Pimenta J . Rate and predictors of new genital warts claims and genital warts-related healthcare utilization among privately insured patients in the United States. Sex Transm Dis. 2004; 31(12):748-52. DOI: 10.1097/01.olq.0000145851.76025.ad. View

12.

Brown D, Schroeder J, Bryan J, Stoler M, Fife K . Detection of multiple human papillomavirus types in Condylomata acuminata lesions from otherwise healthy and immunosuppressed patients. J Clin Microbiol. 1999; 37(10):3316-22. PMC: 85555. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.37.10.3316-3322.1999. View

13.

Insinga R, Dasbach E, Myers E . The health and economic burden of genital warts in a set of private health plans in the United States. Clin Infect Dis. 2003; 36(11):1397-403. DOI: 10.1086/375074. View

14.

Giuliano A, Lazcano-Ponce E, Villa L, Flores R, Salmeron J, Lee J . The human papillomavirus infection in men study: human papillomavirus prevalence and type distribution among men residing in Brazil, Mexico, and the United States. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2008; 17(8):2036-43. PMC: 3471778. DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-08-0151. View

15.

Garland S, Steben M, Sings H, James M, Lu S, Railkar R . Natural history of genital warts: analysis of the placebo arm of 2 randomized phase III trials of a quadrivalent human papillomavirus (types 6, 11, 16, and 18) vaccine. J Infect Dis. 2009; 199(6):805-14. DOI: 10.1086/597071. View

16.

Aubin F, Pretet J, Jacquard A, Saunier M, Carcopino X, Jaroud F . Human papillomavirus genotype distribution in external acuminata condylomata: a Large French National Study (EDiTH IV). Clin Infect Dis. 2008; 47(5):610-5. DOI: 10.1086/590560. View

17.

Hoy T, Singhal P, Willey V, Insinga R . Assessing incidence and economic burden of genital warts with data from a US commercially insured population. Curr Med Res Opin. 2009; 25(10):2343-51. DOI: 10.1185/03007990903136378. View

18.

Chan P, Luk A, Luk T, Lee K, Cheung J, Ho K . Distribution of human papillomavirus types in anogenital warts of men. J Clin Virol. 2008; 44(2):111-4. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2008.11.001. View

19.

Greer C, Wheeler C, Ladner M, Beutner K, Coyne M, Liang H . Human papillomavirus (HPV) type distribution and serological response to HPV type 6 virus-like particles in patients with genital warts. J Clin Microbiol. 1995; 33(8):2058-63. PMC: 228335. DOI: 10.1128/jcm.33.8.2058-2063.1995. View

20.

Giuliano A, Lazcano E, Villa L, Flores R, Salmeron J, Lee J . Circumcision and sexual behavior: factors independently associated with human papillomavirus detection among men in the HIM study. Int J Cancer. 2008; 124(6):1251-7. PMC: 3466048. DOI: 10.1002/ijc.24097. View