Familial Aggregation of Schizophrenia: the Moderating Effect of Age at Onset, Parental Immigration, Paternal Age and Season of Birth

Overview

Journal Scand J Public Health

Publisher Sage Publications

Specialty Public Health

Date 2011 Sep 21

PMID 21930618

Citations 12

Authors

Anna C Svensson

Paul Lichtenstein

Sven Sandin

Sara Oberg

Patrick F Sullivan

Christina M Hultman

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Aims: An abundance of evidence has firmly established the familial aggregation of schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to examine how age at onset, parental characteristics and season of birth modify the familiality in schizophrenia.

Methods: A population-based cohort was created by linking the Swedish Multi-Generation and Hospital Discharge Registers. Among 5,075,998 full siblings born between 1932 through to 1990, 16,346 cases of schizophrenia were identified. Familial aggregation was measured by the sibling recurrence-risk ratio, defined as the risk of schizophrenia among full siblings of schizophrenia patients compared with the risk among siblings of unaffected people.

Results: We found a statistically significantly lower recurrence-risk ratio in siblings of later onset cases (7.2; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 6.7-7.9) than of early onset cases (10.8; 95% CI 9.4-12.2). A lower recurrence-risk ratio was observed among offspring to fathers above 40 years (6.3; 95% CI 5.3-7.3) as compared with offspring of younger fathers (8.6; 95% CI 8.0-9.3). Further, among offspring to parents born outside Sweden the recurrence-risk ratio was statistically significantly lower (maternal immigrants 4.8; 95% CI 4.0-5.7, paternal immigrants 5.7; 95% CI 4.6-6.9) than among offspring to parents born in Sweden.

Conclusions: The familial aggregation of schizophrenia was reduced by higher age at onset, advancing paternal age and immigrant status of parents.

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