De Novo Designed Protein Transduction Domain Mimics from Simple Synthetic Polymers

Protein transduction domains (PTDs) that readily transverse cellular membranes are of great interest and are attractive tools for the intracellular delivery of bioactive molecules. Learning to program synthetic polymers and oligomers with the appropriate chemical information to capture adequately the biological activity of proteins is critical to our improved understanding of how these natural molecules work. In addition, the versatility of these synthetic mimics provides the opportunity to discover analogs with superior properties compared with their native sequences. Here we report the first detailed structure-activity relationship of a new PTD family of polymers based on a completely abiotic backbone. The synthetic approach easily allows doubling the density of guanidine functional groups, which increases the transduction efficiency of the sequences. Cellular uptake studies on three different cell lines (HEK 293T, CHO, and Jurkat T cells) confirm that these synthetic analogs are highly efficient novel protein transduction domain mimics (PTDMs), which are more effective than TAT(49-57) and nonaarginine (R9) and also highlight the usefulness of polymer chemistry at the chemistry-biology interface.