Reaching out Towards Cannabis: Approach-bias in Heavy Cannabis Users Predicts Changes in Cannabis Use

Overview

Journal Addiction

Specialty Psychiatry

Date 2011 Apr 27

PMID 21518067

Citations 63

Authors

Janna Cousijn

Anna E Goudriaan

Reinout W Wiers

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Aims: Repeated drug exposure can lead to an approach-bias, i.e. the relatively automatically triggered tendencies to approach rather that avoid drug-related stimuli. Our main aim was to study this approach-bias in heavy cannabis users with the newly developed cannabis Approach Avoidance Task (cannabis-AAT) and to investigate the predictive relationship between an approach-bias for cannabis-related materials and levels of cannabis use, craving, and the course of cannabis use.

Design, Settings And Participants: Cross-sectional assessment and six-month follow-up in 32 heavy cannabis users and 39 non-using controls.

Measurements: Approach and avoidance action-tendencies towards cannabis and neutral images were assessed with the cannabis AAT. During the AAT, participants pulled or pushed a joystick in response to image orientation. To generate additional sense of approach or avoidance, pulling the joystick increased picture size while pushing decreased it. Craving was measured pre- and post-test with the multi-factorial Marijuana Craving Questionnaire (MCQ). Cannabis use frequencies and levels of dependence were measured at baseline and after a six-month follow-up.

Findings: Heavy cannabis users demonstrated an approach-bias for cannabis images, as compared to controls. The approach-bias predicted changes in cannabis use at six-month follow-up. The pre-test MCQ emotionality and expectancy factor were associated negatively with the approach-bias. No effects were found on levels of cannabis dependence.

Conclusions: Heavy cannabis users with a strong approach-bias for cannabis are more likely to increase their cannabis use. This approach-bias could be used as a predictor of the course of cannabis use to identify individuals at risk from increasing cannabis use.

Citing Articles

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Feeling good, approaching the positive.

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A cross-cultural fMRI investigation of cannabis approach bias in individuals with cannabis use disorder.

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Rosenthal A, Chen K, Beck A, Romanczuk-Seiferth N Sci Rep. 2023; 13(1):10074.

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