Antileishmania Immunological Tests for Asymptomatic Subjects Living in a Visceral Leishmaniasis-endemic Area in Brazil

Overview

Journal Am J Trop Med Hyg

Specialty Tropical Medicine

Date 2011 Feb 5

PMID 21292896

Citations 10

Authors

Luciana Almeida Silva

Hector Dardo Romero

Gabriel Antonio Nogueira Nascentes

Roberto Teodoro Costa

Virmondes Rodrigues

Aluizio Prata

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the behavior of different tests used for the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in asymptomatic subjects living in an endemic area. No gold standard is available for the diagnosis of asymptomatic infection with Leishmania. In continuation of a previous study, 1,017 subjects living in a VL-endemic area were clinically reevaluated. Of these, 576 had at least one positive serological test in a first assessment. About 3 years after the first evaluation, none of the subjects had progressed to clinical VL. Among this group, 246 subjects were selected, and five serological tests (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay p [ELISAp], ELISArK39, ELISArK26, indirect immunofluorescence test [IIFT] using L. amazonensis promastigote antigen, and an immunochromatographic test using rK39 antigen [TRALd]) and the Montenegro skin test (MST) were repeated. There was a significant increase in the number of subjects who tested positive in the MST, IIFT, ELISAp, and ELISArK39 in the second evaluation. For all tests, there were subjects who tested positive in the first evaluation and negative in the second evaluation. A positive result in the serological tests and MST in subjects from the endemic area studied did not indicate a risk of progression to VL and may only be temporary.

Citing Articles

Validation of a mixture of rK26 and rK39 antigens from Iranian strain of Leishmania infantum to detect anti-Leishmania antibodies in human and reservoir hosts.

Hosseini Farash B, Mohebali M, Kazemi B, Fata A, Hajjaran H, Akhoundi B Sci Rep. 2022; 12(1):10426.

PMID: 35729270 PMC: 9213479. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14490-6.

Identification of asymptomatic Leishmania infections: a scoping review.

Ibarra-Meneses A, Corbeil A, Wagner V, Onwuchekwa C, Fernandez-Prada C Parasit Vectors. 2022; 15(1):5.

PMID: 34983616 PMC: 8727076. DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-05129-y.

Unraveling the Role of Immune Checkpoints in Leishmaniasis.

de Freitas E Silva R, von Stebut E Front Immunol. 2021; 12:620144.

PMID: 33776999 PMC: 7990902. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.620144.

Identification of in blood donors from endemic regions for visceral leishmaniasis.

Pereira L, Ferreira-Silva M, Ratkevicius C, Gomez-Hernandez C, de Vito F, Tanaka S Parasitology. 2020; 148(1):110-114.

PMID: 33143775 PMC: 11010041. DOI: 10.1017/S0031182020001936.

Asymptomatic Visceral Leishmania infantum Infection in US Soldiers Deployed to Iraq.

Mody R, Lakhal-Naouar I, Sherwood J, Koles N, Shaw D, Bigley D Clin Infect Dis. 2018; 68(12):2036-2044.

PMID: 30239631 PMC: 6769235. DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciy811.

References

Voller A, BIDWELL D, Bartlett A . Enzyme immunoassays in diagnostic medicine. Theory and practice. Bull World Health Organ. 1976; 53(1):55-65. PMC: 2366417. View

Borges V, Ruiz M, Gomes P, Colombo A, Silva L, Romero H . [Montenegro intradermoreaction after the test sequential repetitions in Porteirinha, Minas Gerais State, Brazil]. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2003; 36(2):249-51. DOI: 10.1590/s0037-86822003000200009. View

Jeronimo S, Teixeira M, Sousa A, Thielking P, Pearson R, Evans T . Natural history of Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi infection in Northeastern Brazil: long-term follow-up. Clin Infect Dis. 2000; 30(3):608-9. DOI: 10.1086/313697. View

DOliveira Junior A, Costa S, Barbosa A, Orge M de la G, Carvalho E . Asymptomatic Leishmania chagasi infection in relatives and neighbors of patients with visceral leishmaniasis. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 1997; 92(1):15-20. DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02761997000100003. View

Gidwani K, Rai M, Chakravarty J, Boelaert M, Sundar S . Evaluation of leishmanin skin test in Indian visceral leishmaniasis. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2009; 80(4):566-7. View

Badaro R, Reed S, Barral A, Orge G, Jones T . Evaluation of the micro enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for antibodies in American visceral leishmaniasis: antigen selection for detection of infection-specific responses. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1986; 35(1):72-8. DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.1986.35.72. View

Badaro R, Jones T, Carvalho E, Sampaio D, Reed S, Barral A . New perspectives on a subclinical form of visceral leishmaniasis. J Infect Dis. 1986; 154(6):1003-11. DOI: 10.1093/infdis/154.6.1003. View

Shiddo S, Akuffo H, Mohamed A, Huldt G, Nilsson L, OUCHTERLONY O . Visceral leishmaniasis in Somalia: prevalence of leishmanin-positive and seropositive inhabitants in an endemic area. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1995; 89(1):21-4. DOI: 10.1016/0035-9203(95)90640-1. View

Neogy A, Nandy A, Dastidar B, Chowdhury A . Leishmanin test in Indian kala-azar. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1986; 80(3):454-5. DOI: 10.1016/0035-9203(86)90341-x. View

10.

Burns Jr J, Shreffler W, Benson D, Ghalib H, Badaro R, Reed S . Molecular characterization of a kinesin-related antigen of Leishmania chagasi that detects specific antibody in African and American visceral leishmaniasis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993; 90(2):775-9. PMC: 45748. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.90.2.775. View

11.

Evans T, Teixeira M, McAuliffe I, Vasconcelos I, Vasconcelos A, Sousa A . Epidemiology of visceral leishmaniasis in northeast Brazil. J Infect Dis. 1992; 166(5):1124-32. DOI: 10.1093/infdis/166.5.1124. View

12.

SOUTHGATE B, ORIEDO B . Studies in the epidemiology of East African leishmaniasis. 3. Immunity as a determinant of geographical distribution. J Trop Med Hyg. 1967; 70(1):1-4. View

13.

Melo M, Mayrink W, Da Costa C, Magalhaes P, Dias M, Williams P . [Standardization of the Montenegro antigen]. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 1977; 19(3):161-4. View

14.

Romero H, Silva L, Silva-Vergara M, Rodrigues V, Costa R, Guimaraes S . Comparative study of serologic tests for the diagnosis of asymptomatic visceral leishmaniasis in an endemic area. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2009; 81(1):27-33. View

15.

Moreno E, Melo M, Lambertucci J, Serufo J, Andrade A, Antunes C . Diagnosing human asymptomatic visceral leishmaniasis in an urban area of the State of Minas Gerais, using serological and molecular biology techniques. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2006; 39(5):421-7. DOI: 10.1590/s0037-86822006000500001. View

16.

Sokal J . Editorial: Measurement of delayed skin-test responses. N Engl J Med. 1975; 293(10):501-2. DOI: 10.1056/NEJM197509042931013. View

17.

Hepner Levy L, Mendes E . Impaired cell-mediated immunity in patients with kala-azar. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 1981; 9(2):109-12. View

18.

Bern C, Amann J, Haque R, Chowdhury R, Ali M, Kurkjian K . Loss of leishmanin skin test antigen sensitivity and potency in a longitudinal study of visceral leishmaniasis in Bangladesh. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2006; 75(4):744-8. View

19.

Camargo M . Fluorescent antibody test for the serodiagnosis of American trypanosomiasis. Technical modification employing preserved culture forms of Trypanosoma cruzi in a slide test. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 1966; 8(5):227-35. View

20.

Pampiglione S, MANSON-BAHR P, La Placa M, Borgatti M, Musumeci S . Studies in Mediterranean leishmaniasis. 3. The leishmanin skin test in kala-azar. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1975; 69(1):60-8. DOI: 10.1016/0035-9203(75)90012-7. View