The Double Life of a B-1 Cell: Self-reactivity Selects for Protective Effector Functions

Overview

Journal Nat Rev Immunol

Specialty Allergy & Immunology

Date 2010 Dec 15

PMID 21151033

Citations 495

Authors

Nicole Baumgarth

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

During their development, B and T cells with self-reactive antigen receptors are generally deleted from the repertoire to avoid autoimmune diseases. Paradoxically, innate-like B-1 cells in mice are positively selected for self-reactivity and form a pool of long-lived, self-renewing B cells that produce most of the circulating natural IgM antibodies. This Review provides an overview of the developmental processes that shape the B-1 cell pool in mice, outlines the functions of B-1 cells in both the steady state and during host defence, and discusses possible functional B-1 cell homologues that exist in humans.

Citing Articles

Skin Deep and Beyond: Unravelling B Cell Extracellular Matrix Interactions in Cutaneous Immunity and Disease.

Diehl R, Hubner S, Lehr S, Rizzi M, Eyerich K, Nystrom A Exp Dermatol. 2025; 34(3):e70068.

PMID: 40051023 PMC: 11885703. DOI: 10.1111/exd.70068.

Autoantibodies in COVID-19: implications for disease severity and clinical outcomes.

Galipeau Y, Cooper C, Langlois M Front Immunol. 2025; 15():1509289.

PMID: 39835117 PMC: 11743527. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1509289.

Neutrophil extracellular traps promote pre-metastatic niche formation in the omentum by expanding innate-like B cells that express IL-10.

Lee W, Ko S, Akasaka H, Weigert M, Lengyel E, Naora H Cancer Cell. 2025; 43(1):69-85.e11.

PMID: 39753138 PMC: 11732717. DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2024.12.004.

Group 2 innate lymphoid cells are a non-redundant source of interleukin-5 required for development and function of murine B1 cells.

Troch K, Jakob M, Forster P, Jarick K, Schreiber J, Preusser A Nat Commun. 2024; 15(1):10566.

PMID: 39632879 PMC: 11618303. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-54780-3.

Porcine non-conventional B-1-like cells are a potent source of -binding IgM.

Seidel A, Kauffold J, Protschka M, Baums C, Alber G, Eschke M Front Immunol. 2024; 15:1495359.

PMID: 39624084 PMC: 11609192. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1495359.

References

Tarlinton D, McLean M, Nossal G . B1 and B2 cells differ in their potential to switch immunoglobulin isotype. Eur J Immunol. 1995; 25(12):3388-93. DOI: 10.1002/eji.1830251228. View

Moon B, Takaki S, Miyake K, Takatsu K . The role of IL-5 for mature B-1 cells in homeostatic proliferation, cell survival, and Ig production. J Immunol. 2004; 172(10):6020-9. DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.172.10.6020. View

Martin F, Kearney J . B-cell subsets and the mature preimmune repertoire. Marginal zone and B1 B cells as part of a "natural immune memory". Immunol Rev. 2000; 175:70-9. View

Morris D, Rothstein T . Abnormal transcription factor induction through the surface immunoglobulin M receptor of B-1 lymphocytes. J Exp Med. 1993; 177(3):857-61. PMC: 2190944. DOI: 10.1084/jem.177.3.857. View

Gil-Cruz C, Bobat S, Marshall J, Kingsley R, Ross E, Henderson I . The porin OmpD from nontyphoidal Salmonella is a key target for a protective B1b cell antibody response. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009; 106(24):9803-8. PMC: 2701014. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0812431106. View

Kretschmer K, Stopkowicz J, Scheffer S, Greten T, Weiss S . Maintenance of peritoneal B-1a lymphocytes in the absence of the spleen. J Immunol. 2004; 173(1):197-204. DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.173.1.197. View

Emslie D, DCosta K, Hasbold J, Metcalf D, Takatsu K, Hodgkin P . Oct2 enhances antibody-secreting cell differentiation through regulation of IL-5 receptor alpha chain expression on activated B cells. J Exp Med. 2008; 205(2):409-21. PMC: 2271016. DOI: 10.1084/jem.20072049. View

Mizoguchi A, Mizoguchi E, Takedatsu H, Blumberg R, Bhan A . Chronic intestinal inflammatory condition generates IL-10-producing regulatory B cell subset characterized by CD1d upregulation. Immunity. 2002; 16(2):219-30. DOI: 10.1016/s1074-7613(02)00274-1. View

Martin F, Kearney J . Marginal-zone B cells. Nat Rev Immunol. 2002; 2(5):323-35. DOI: 10.1038/nri799. View

10.

Deenen G, Kroese F . Murine peritoneal Ly-1 B cells do not turn over rapidly. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1992; 651:70-1. DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb24594.x. View

11.

Casola S, Otipoby K, Alimzhanov M, Humme S, Uyttersprot N, Kutok J . B cell receptor signal strength determines B cell fate. Nat Immunol. 2004; 5(3):317-27. DOI: 10.1038/ni1036. View

12.

Dal Porto J, Burke K, Cambier J . Regulation of BCR signal transduction in B-1 cells requires the expression of the Src family kinase Lck. Immunity. 2004; 21(3):443-53. DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2004.07.018. View

13.

Duber S, Hafner M, Krey M, Lienenklaus S, Roy B, Hobeika E . Induction of B-cell development in adult mice reveals the ability of bone marrow to produce B-1a cells. Blood. 2009; 114(24):4960-7. DOI: 10.1182/blood-2009-04-218156. View

14.

Binder C, Silverman G . Natural antibodies and the autoimmunity of atherosclerosis. Springer Semin Immunopathol. 2004; 26(4):385-404. DOI: 10.1007/s00281-004-0185-z. View

15.

Haas K, Poe J, Steeber D, Tedder T . B-1a and B-1b cells exhibit distinct developmental requirements and have unique functional roles in innate and adaptive immunity to S. pneumoniae. Immunity. 2005; 23(1):7-18. DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2005.04.011. View

16.

Kulik L, Fleming S, Moratz C, Reuter J, Novikov A, Chen K . Pathogenic natural antibodies recognizing annexin IV are required to develop intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Immunol. 2009; 182(9):5363-73. PMC: 2820395. DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0803980. View

17.

Vink A, Warnier G, Brombacher F, Renauld J . Interleukin 9-induced in vivo expansion of the B-1 lymphocyte population. J Exp Med. 1999; 189(9):1413-23. PMC: 2193070. DOI: 10.1084/jem.189.9.1413. View

18.

Genestier L, Taillardet M, Mondiere P, Gheit H, Bella C, Defrance T . TLR agonists selectively promote terminal plasma cell differentiation of B cell subsets specialized in thymus-independent responses. J Immunol. 2007; 178(12):7779-86. DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.12.7779. View

19.

Coutinho A, Gronowicz E, Moller G . Mechanism of B-cell activation and paralysis by thymus-independent antigens. Additive effects between NNP-LPS and LPS in the specific response to the hapten. Scand J Immunol. 1975; 4(1):89-94. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.1975.tb02603.x. View

20.

Dorner T, Foster S, Farner N, Lipsky P . Somatic hypermutation of human immunoglobulin heavy chain genes: targeting of RGYW motifs on both DNA strands. Eur J Immunol. 1998; 28(10):3384-96. DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1521-4141(199810)28:10<3384::AID-IMMU3384>3.0.CO;2-T. View