Early Initiation of Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis in Patients Undergoing Surgical Implantation of Tenckhoff Catheters

Background: Nephrologists commonly recommend continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) with break-in periods of at least 2 weeks. We investigated the safety and feasibility of shorter break-in periods following surgical implantation of Tenckhoff catheters.

Methods: We retrospectively examined 310 patients that underwent Tenckhoff catheter implantation for the first time. The early group comprised 226 patients that started CAPD ≤ 14 days after implantation; the late group comprised 84 patients that started CAPD > 14 days after implantation. Catheter-related complications within 6 months were analyzed.

Results: A total of 310 patients were enrolled. Time to CAPD initiation was shorter in the early group (2.0 ± 2.7 days) than in the late group (40.6 ± 42.8 days) (p < 0.001). The bridge hemodialysis rate was higher in the late group (57.1%) than in the early group (31.4%) (p < 0.001). Overall, 33 early-group (14.6%) and 11 late-group patients (13.1%) developed catheter-related complications within 6 months. The early-group complications were leakage (n = 5), diminished outflow volume (n = 7), migration (n = 7), pericatheter hernia (n = 1), hemoperitoneum (n = 1), pericatheter infection (n = 3), and peritonitis (n = 9). The late-group complications were leakage (n = 2), diminished outflow volume (n = 5), migration (n = 2), and peritonitis (n = 2). Actuarial freedom from catheter-related complications was similar in both groups (log rank, p = 0.76).

Conclusion: Early initiation of CAPD with surgically implanted Tenckhoff catheters is feasible and safe. Shorter break-in periods are not associated with more catheter-related complications. The data from our peritoneal dialysis population suggest that early initiation is not associated with an increased number of complications. This needs to be confirmed in a randomized trial.