Immune Responses to HIV and SIV in Mucosal Tissues: 'location, Location, Location'

Overview

Journal Curr Opin HIV AIDS

Specialty Infectious Diseases

Date 2010 Jun 15

PMID 20543589

Citations 17

Authors

Barbara L Shacklett

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Purpose Of Review: This review summarizes research literature regarding mucosal immunity to HIV and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), with an emphasis on work published within the past 18 months.

Recent Findings: Notable recent studies have focused on the pivotal events occurring within mucosal tissues during acute HIV/SIV infection that serve to establish a balance between detrimental immune activation and beneficial adaptive responses. In cervicovaginal mucosa, an early inflammatory response leads to recruitment of susceptible target cells. At this acute stage, the in-vivo ratio between CD8 effector cells and infected CD4 T-cells may be critical for limiting viral dissemination. Acute infection is also accompanied by loss of germinal center architecture and T/B cell apoptosis in Peyer's patches of the gastrointestinal tract. During chronic infection, mucosal CD8 T-cells may play a role in immune control, as suggested by studies of elite controllers.

Summary: Mucosal tissues serve as the major portal of entry for HIV, and house a majority of the body's lymphocytes, including CD4 T-cells that are targets for infection. Recent studies have focused renewed attention on events occurring immediately after transmission, and underscore the concept that the balance between inflammation and protective immunity is established by host responses in mucosal tissues.

Citing Articles

Host Immune Responses in HIV-1 Infection: The Emerging Pathogenic Role of Siglecs and Their Clinical Correlates.

Mikulak J, Di Vito C, Zaghi E, Mavilio D Front Immunol. 2017; 8:314.

PMID: 28386256 PMC: 5362603. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00314.

Elite Control, Gut CD4 T Cell Sparing, and Enhanced Mucosal T Cell Responses in Macaca nemestrina Infected by a Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Lacking a gp41 Trafficking Motif.

Breed M, Elser S, Torben W, Jordan A, Aye P, Midkiff C J Virol. 2015; 89(20):10156-75.

PMID: 26223646 PMC: 4580161. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.01134-15.

Gene Expression Profiling of Human Vaginal Cells In Vitro Discriminates Compounds with Pro-Inflammatory and Mucosa-Altering Properties: Novel Biomarkers for Preclinical Testing of HIV Microbicide Candidates.

Zalenskaya I, Joseph T, Bavarva J, Yousefieh N, Jackson S, Fashemi T PLoS One. 2015; 10(6):e0128557.

PMID: 26052926 PMC: 4459878. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128557.

Transmitted virus fitness and host T cell responses collectively define divergent infection outcomes in two HIV-1 recipients.

Yue L, Pfafferott K, Baalwa J, Conrod K, Dong C, Chui C PLoS Pathog. 2015; 11(1):e1004565.

PMID: 25569444 PMC: 4287535. DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004565.

Prothymosin α variants isolated from CD8+ T cells and cervicovaginal fluid suppress HIV-1 replication through type I interferon induction.

Teixeira A, Yen B, Gusella G, Thomas A, Mullen M, Aberg J J Infect Dis. 2014; 211(9):1467-75.

PMID: 25404520 PMC: 4425839. DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiu643.

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