Structural Characterization of Glycans on Omega-1, a Major Schistosoma Mansoni Egg Glycoprotein That Drives Th2 Responses

Soluble egg antigens (SEA) of the human parasite Schistosoma mansoni are among the strongest natural stimuli of Th2 responses. Omega-1, a major glycoprotein in SEA, initiates these characteristic Th2 responses through conditioning of dendritic cells (DCs). In view of the reported immunomodulatory potential of SEA glycans, we have investigated omega-1 glycosylation, using an approach combining mass spectrometric techniques and enzyme treatments at the glycopeptide level. We demonstrate that omega-1 has two fully occupied N-glycosylation sites, each mainly carrying core-difucosylated diantennary glycans with one or more Lewis X motifs in the antennae. Using a specific approach of nanoscale LC-MS(/MS) and MALDI-TOF(/TOF) MS in combination with exoglycosidase treatments of tryptic glycopeptides, we were able to provide a detailed, site-specific glycosylation analysis of a single, native S. mansoni glycoprotein. The obtained knowledge of the glycans present on omega-1 contributes to a full understanding of the mode of action of this immunomodulatory glycoprotein.