Tapping into the Glial Reservoir: Cells Committed to Remaining Uncommitted

Overview

Journal J Cell Biol

Specialty Cell Biology

Date 2010 Feb 10

PMID 20142420

Citations 27

Authors

S Y Christin Chong

Jonah R Chan

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

The development and maturation of the oligodendrocyte requires a series of highly orchestrated events that coordinate the proliferation and differentiation of the oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) as well as the spatiotemporal regulation of myelination. In recent years, widespread interest has been devoted to the therapeutic potential of adult OPCs scattered throughout the central nervous system (CNS). In this review, we highlight molecular mechanisms controlling OPC differentiation during development and the implication of these mechanisms on adult OPCs for remyelination. Cell-autonomous regulators of differentiation and the heterogeneous microenvironment of the developing and the adult CNS may provide coordinated inhibitory cues that ultimately maintain a reservoir of uncommitted glia.

Citing Articles

Pathophysiology in cortico-amygdala circuits and excessive aversion processing: the role of oligodendrocytes and myelination.

Poggi G, Klaus F, Pryce C Brain Commun. 2024; 6(3):fcae140.

PMID: 38712320 PMC: 11073757. DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcae140.

The Effects of Neuroactive Steroids on Myelin in Health and Disease.

Kalakh S, Mouihate A Med Princ Pract. 2024; 33(3):198-214.

PMID: 38350432 PMC: 11175611. DOI: 10.1159/000537794.

Epigenetic regulation of human-specific gene expression in the prefrontal cortex.

Sun W, Xie G, Jiang X, Khaitovich P, Han D, Liu X BMC Biol. 2023; 21(1):123.

PMID: 37226244 PMC: 10210484. DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01612-3.

Characterization of Glial Populations in the Aging and Remyelinating Mouse Corpus Callosum.

Kawabe Y, Tanaka T, Isonishi A, Nakahara K, Tatsumi K, Wanaka A Neurochem Res. 2022; 47(9):2826-2838.

PMID: 35859078 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03676-z.

Newly Identified Deficiencies in the Multiple Sclerosis Central Nervous System and Their Impact on the Remyelination Failure.

Scalabrino G Biomedicines. 2022; 10(4).

PMID: 35453565 PMC: 9026986. DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040815.

References

Ligon K, Fancy S, Franklin R, Rowitch D . Olig gene function in CNS development and disease. Glia. 2006; 54(1):1-10. DOI: 10.1002/glia.20273. View

Rosenberg S, Chan J . Modulating myelination: knowing when to say Wnt. Genes Dev. 2009; 23(13):1487-93. PMC: 4419287. DOI: 10.1101/gad.1824009. View

Horner P, Power A, Kempermann G, Kuhn H, Palmer T, Winkler J . Proliferation and differentiation of progenitor cells throughout the intact adult rat spinal cord. J Neurosci. 2000; 20(6):2218-28. PMC: 6772504. View

Takebayashi H, Nabeshima Y, Yoshida S, Chisaka O, Ikenaka K, Nabeshima Y . The basic helix-loop-helix factor olig2 is essential for the development of motoneuron and oligodendrocyte lineages. Curr Biol. 2002; 12(13):1157-63. DOI: 10.1016/s0960-9822(02)00926-0. View

Durand B, Raff M . A cell-intrinsic timer that operates during oligodendrocyte development. Bioessays. 2000; 22(1):64-71. DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1521-1878(200001)22:1<64::AID-BIES11>3.0.CO;2-Q. View

Zhou Q, Choi G, Anderson D . The bHLH transcription factor Olig2 promotes oligodendrocyte differentiation in collaboration with Nkx2.2. Neuron. 2001; 31(5):791-807. DOI: 10.1016/s0896-6273(01)00414-7. View

Goto J, Tezuka T, Nakazawa T, Sagara H, Yamamoto T . Loss of Fyn tyrosine kinase on the C57BL/6 genetic background causes hydrocephalus with defects in oligodendrocyte development. Mol Cell Neurosci. 2008; 38(2):203-12. DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2008.02.009. View

Liu Z, Hu X, Cai J, Liu B, Peng X, Wegner M . Induction of oligodendrocyte differentiation by Olig2 and Sox10: evidence for reciprocal interactions and dosage-dependent mechanisms. Dev Biol. 2006; 302(2):683-93. DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2006.10.007. View

Winkler S, Stahl R, Carey D, Bansal R . Syndecan-3 and perlecan are differentially expressed by progenitors and mature oligodendrocytes and accumulate in the extracellular matrix. J Neurosci Res. 2002; 69(4):477-87. DOI: 10.1002/jnr.10311. View

10.

Rivers L, Young K, Rizzi M, Jamen F, Psachoulia K, Wade A . PDGFRA/NG2 glia generate myelinating oligodendrocytes and piriform projection neurons in adult mice. Nat Neurosci. 2008; 11(12):1392-401. PMC: 3842596. DOI: 10.1038/nn.2220. View

11.

Sun T, Echelard Y, Lu R, Yuk D, Kaing S, Stiles C . Olig bHLH proteins interact with homeodomain proteins to regulate cell fate acquisition in progenitors of the ventral neural tube. Curr Biol. 2001; 11(18):1413-20. DOI: 10.1016/s0960-9822(01)00441-9. View

12.

Charles P, Reynolds R, Seilhean D, Rougon G, Aigrot M, Niezgoda A . Re-expression of PSA-NCAM by demyelinated axons: an inhibitor of remyelination in multiple sclerosis?. Brain. 2002; 125(Pt 9):1972-9. DOI: 10.1093/brain/awf216. View

13.

Gensert J, Goldman J . Endogenous progenitors remyelinate demyelinated axons in the adult CNS. Neuron. 1997; 19(1):197-203. DOI: 10.1016/s0896-6273(00)80359-1. View

14.

Nishiyama A, Chang A, Trapp B . NG2+ glial cells: a novel glial cell population in the adult brain. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 1999; 58(11):1113-24. DOI: 10.1097/00005072-199911000-00001. View

15.

Shi J, Marinovich A, Barres B . Purification and characterization of adult oligodendrocyte precursor cells from the rat optic nerve. J Neurosci. 1998; 18(12):4627-36. PMC: 6792679. View

16.

Nishiyama A, Lin X, Giese N, Heldin C, Stallcup W . Interaction between NG2 proteoglycan and PDGF alpha-receptor on O2A progenitor cells is required for optimal response to PDGF. J Neurosci Res. 1996; 43(3):315-30. DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4547(19960201)43:3<315::AID-JNR6>3.0.CO;2-M. View

17.

Rosenberg S, Kelland E, Tokar E, De la Torre A, Chan J . The geometric and spatial constraints of the microenvironment induce oligodendrocyte differentiation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008; 105(38):14662-7. PMC: 2567234. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0805640105. View

18.

Lu Q, Sun T, Zhu Z, Ma N, Garcia M, Stiles C . Common developmental requirement for Olig function indicates a motor neuron/oligodendrocyte connection. Cell. 2002; 109(1):75-86. DOI: 10.1016/s0092-8674(02)00678-5. View

19.

Kessaris N, Fogarty M, Iannarelli P, Grist M, Wegner M, Richardson W . Competing waves of oligodendrocytes in the forebrain and postnatal elimination of an embryonic lineage. Nat Neurosci. 2006; 9(2):173-9. PMC: 6328015. DOI: 10.1038/nn1620. View

20.

Keirstead H, Blakemore W . Identification of post-mitotic oligodendrocytes incapable of remyelination within the demyelinated adult spinal cord. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 1997; 56(11):1191-201. DOI: 10.1097/00005072-199711000-00003. View