Vitamin D and the Skin

Overview

Journal J Bone Miner Metab

Specialty Endocrinology

Date 2010 Jan 29

PMID 20107849

Citations 36

Authors

Daniel D Bikle

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

The keratinocytes of the skin are unique in being not only the primary source of vitamin D for the body, but also possessing the enzymatic machinery to metabolize vitamin D to active metabolites [in particular, 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)(2)D)] and the vitamin D receptor (VDR) that enables the keratinocytes to respond to the 1,25(OH)(2)D they produce. Numerous functions of the skin are regulated by vitamin D and/or its receptor: these include inhibition of proliferation, stimulation of differentiation including formation of the permeability barrier, promotion of innate immunity, regulation of the hair follicle cycle, and suppression of tumor formation. Regulation of these actions is exerted by a number of different coregulators including the coactivators DRIP and SRC, a less well known inhibitor, hairless, and beta-catenin. Different coregulators appear to be involved in different VDR-regulated functions. This review examines the various functions of vitamin D and its receptor, and to the extent known explores the mechanisms by which these functions are regulated.

Citing Articles

Prospective study of the effects of isotretinoin and vitamin D levels on severe acne vulgaris.

Hussein R, Dayel S, Abahussein O Turk J Med Sci. 2024; 53(6):1732-1737.

PMID: 38813517 PMC: 10760531. DOI: 10.55730/1300-0144.5742.

Vitamin D status and clinical implications in the adult population of Malaysia: a position paper by the Malaysian Vitamin D Special Interest Group.

Lee J, Chee W, Foo S, Lee V, Sallehuddin H, Khor H Osteoporos Int. 2023; 34(11):1837-1850.

PMID: 37430004 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-023-06841-4.

Vitamin D Signaling in Psoriasis: Pathogenesis and Therapy.

Brozyna A, Slominski R, Nedoszytko B, Zmijewski M, Slominski A Int J Mol Sci. 2022; 23(15).

PMID: 35955731 PMC: 9369120. DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158575.

CYP11A1‑derived vitamin D hydroxyderivatives as candidates for therapy of basal and squamous cell carcinomas.

Slominski A, Brozyna A, Kim T, Elsayed M, Janjetovic Z, Qayyum S Int J Oncol. 2022; 61(2).

PMID: 35775377 PMC: 9262157. DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2022.5386.

New Approaches to Assess Mechanisms of Action of Selective Vitamin D Analogues.

Pike J, Meyer M Int J Mol Sci. 2021; 22(22).

PMID: 34830234 PMC: 8619157. DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212352.

References

Schauber J, Dorschner R, Yamasaki K, Brouha B, Gallo R . Control of the innate epithelial antimicrobial response is cell-type specific and dependent on relevant microenvironmental stimuli. Immunology. 2006; 118(4):509-19. PMC: 1782325. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2006.02399.x. View

McLane J, Katz M, Abdelkader N . Effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on human keratinocytes grown under different culture conditions. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol. 1990; 26(4):379-87. DOI: 10.1007/BF02623829. View

Gat U, Dasgupta R, Degenstein L, Fuchs E . De Novo hair follicle morphogenesis and hair tumors in mice expressing a truncated beta-catenin in skin. Cell. 1998; 95(5):605-14. DOI: 10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81631-1. View

Stenn K, Paus R . Controls of hair follicle cycling. Physiol Rev. 2001; 81(1):449-494. DOI: 10.1152/physrev.2001.81.1.449. View

Bonifas J, Pennypacker S, Chuang P, McMahon A, Williams M, Rosenthal A . Activation of expression of hedgehog target genes in basal cell carcinomas. J Invest Dermatol. 2001; 116(5):739-42. DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1747.2001.01315.x. View

Langbein L, Rogers M, Praetzel S, Winter H, Schweizer J . K6irs1, K6irs2, K6irs3, and K6irs4 represent the inner-root-sheath-specific type II epithelial keratins of the human hair follicle. J Invest Dermatol. 2003; 120(4):512-22. DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1747.2003.12087.x. View

Bouillon R, Verlinden L, Eelen G, De Clercq P, Vandewalle M, Mathieu C . Mechanisms for the selective action of Vitamin D analogs. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2005; 97(1-2):21-30. DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2005.06.013. View

Xie Z, Komuves L, Yu Q, Elalieh H, Ng D, Leary C . Lack of the vitamin D receptor is associated with reduced epidermal differentiation and hair follicle growth. J Invest Dermatol. 2002; 118(1):11-6. DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1747.2002.01644.x. View

Li Y, Amling M, Pirro A, Priemel M, Meuse J, Baron R . Normalization of mineral ion homeostasis by dietary means prevents hyperparathyroidism, rickets, and osteomalacia, but not alopecia in vitamin D receptor-ablated mice. Endocrinology. 1998; 139(10):4391-6. DOI: 10.1210/endo.139.10.6262. View

10.

Bikle D, Elalieh H, Chang S, Xie Z, Sundberg J . Development and progression of alopecia in the vitamin D receptor null mouse. J Cell Physiol. 2006; 207(2):340-53. DOI: 10.1002/jcp.20578. View

11.

Kong J, Li X, Gavin D, Jiang Y, Li Y . Targeted expression of human vitamin d receptor in the skin promotes the initiation of the postnatal hair follicle cycle and rescues the alopecia in vitamin D receptor null mice. J Invest Dermatol. 2002; 118(4):631-8. DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1747.2002.01727.x. View

12.

Greenlee R, Murray T, Thun M . Cancer statistics, 2001. CA Cancer J Clin. 2001; 51(1):15-36. DOI: 10.3322/canjclin.51.1.15. View

13.

Hahn H, Wicking C, Zaphiropoulous P, Gailani M, Shanley S, Chidambaram A . Mutations of the human homolog of Drosophila patched in the nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome. Cell. 1996; 85(6):841-51. DOI: 10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81268-4. View

14.

Djabali K, Aita V, Christiano A . Hairless is translocated to the nucleus via a novel bipartite nuclear localization signal and is associated with the nuclear matrix. J Cell Sci. 2001; 114(Pt 2):367-76. DOI: 10.1242/jcs.114.2.367. View

15.

Brash D, Rudolph J, Simon J, Lin A, McKenna G, Baden H . A role for sunlight in skin cancer: UV-induced p53 mutations in squamous cell carcinoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991; 88(22):10124-8. PMC: 52880. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.88.22.10124. View

16.

Cianferotti L, Cox M, Skorija K, Demay M . Vitamin D receptor is essential for normal keratinocyte stem cell function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007; 104(22):9428-33. PMC: 1890511. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0702884104. View

17.

Hsieh J, Sisk J, Jurutka P, Haussler C, Slater S, Haussler M . Physical and functional interaction between the vitamin D receptor and hairless corepressor, two proteins required for hair cycling. J Biol Chem. 2003; 278(40):38665-74. DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M304886200. View

18.

Wang T, Tavera-Mendoza L, Laperriere D, Libby E, MacLeod N, Nagai Y . Large-scale in silico and microarray-based identification of direct 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 target genes. Mol Endocrinol. 2005; 19(11):2685-95. DOI: 10.1210/me.2005-0106. View

19.

Bikle D, Chang S, Crumrine D, Elalieh H, Man M, Choi E . 25 Hydroxyvitamin D 1 alpha-hydroxylase is required for optimal epidermal differentiation and permeability barrier homeostasis. J Invest Dermatol. 2004; 122(4):984-92. DOI: 10.1111/j.0022-202X.2004.22424.x. View

20.

Regl G, Neill G, Eichberger T, Kasper M, Ikram M, Koller J . Human GLI2 and GLI1 are part of a positive feedback mechanism in Basal Cell Carcinoma. Oncogene. 2002; 21(36):5529-39. DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1205748. View