The Effect of Short-term Dietary Supplementation with Glucose on Gastric Emptying in Humans

In order to test whether gastric motility can adapt to changes in nutrient load, gastric emptying of hyperosmotic glucose and protein drinks was measured by applied potential tomography in two groups of ten volunteers following dietary supplementation with 400 g glucose/d for 3 d. The half emptying time for the glucose test meal was significantly faster after the standard diet had been supplemented with glucose compared with the standard diet alone (median and range, 20.7 (4.6-36.8) v. 29.1 (19.8-38.4) min; P less than 0.05), while the emptying of the protein drink (Oxo; Brooke Bond Ltd) was unchanged (median and range, 18.0 (12.5-23.6) v. 16.1 (9.6-22.7) min). These results suggest that rapid and specific adaptation of the small intestinal regulatory mechanisms for gastric emptying of nutrient solutions can occur in response to increases in dietary load. This adaptation may be explained by desensitization of nutrient receptors or by a reduction in the area of receptor field exposed to nutrients caused by increased absorption of glucose in the upper small intestine.