Biosynthesis of Riboflavin. Studies on the Mechanism of L-3,4-dihydroxy-2-butanone 4-phosphate Synthase

The riboflavin precursor, L-3,4-dihydroxy-2-butanone 4-phosphate, is formed from D-ribulose 5-phosphate by a single 24-kDa enzyme. Studies with various specifically 13C-labeled D-ribulose 5-phosphates as substrate showed that the carbon atoms 1-3 of the enzyme product correspond to carbon atoms 1-3 of the substrate, whereas C-4 of the product stems from C-5 of the substrate. Carbon atom 4 of the substrate is released as formate together with the hydrogen atom attached to it. The skeletal rearrangement which leads to the loss of C-4 and the direct linkage between C-3 and C-5 of the substrate is an intramolecular reaction. The hydrogen atom at C-3 of the enzyme product is introduced from solvent water. A reaction mechanism which is in agreement with all experimental data is proposed.