Natural Selection in the TLR-related Genes in the Course of Primate Evolution

Overview

Journal Immunogenetics

Specialties Allergy & Immunology
Genetics

Date 2008 Sep 24

PMID 18810425

Citations 27

Authors

Toshiaki Nakajima

Hitoshi Ohtani

Yoko Satta

Yasuhiro Uno

Hirofumi Akari

Takafumi Ishida

Akinori Kimura

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

The innate immune system constitutes the front line of host defense against pathogens. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognize molecules derived from pathogens and play crucial roles in the innate immune system. Here, we provide evidence that the TLR-related genes have come under natural selection pressure in the course of primate evolution. We compared the nucleotide sequences of 16 TLR-related genes, including TLRs (TLR1-10), MYD88, TILAP, TICAM1, TICAM2, MD2, and CD14, among seven primate species. Analysis of the non-synonymous/synonymous substitution ratio revealed the presence of both strictly conserved and rapidly evolving regions in the TLR-related genes. The genomic segments encoding the intracellular Toll/interleukin 1 receptor domains, which exhibited lower rates of non-synonymous substitution, have undergone purifying selection. In contrast, TLR4, which carried a high proportion of non-synonymous substitutions in the part of extracellular domain spanning 200 amino acids, was found to have been the suggestive target of positive Darwinian selection in primate evolution. However, sequence analyses from 25 primate species, including eight hominoids, six Old World monkeys, eight New World monkeys, and three prosimians, showed no evidence that the pressure of positive Darwinian selection has shaped the pattern of sequence variations in TLR4 among New World monkeys and prosimians.

Citing Articles

Adaptation and Cryptic Pseudogenization in Penguin Toll-Like Receptors.

Fiddaman S, Vinkler M, Spiro S, Levy H, Emerling C, Boyd A Mol Biol Evol. 2021; 39(1).

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Purifying selection shaping the evolution of the Toll-like receptor 2 TIR domain in brown hares (Lepus europaeus) from Europe and the Middle East.

Stefanovic M, Djan M, Velickovic N, Demirbas Y, Paule L, Gedeon C Mol Biol Rep. 2020; 47(4):2975-2984.

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Distinct evolution of toll-like receptor signaling pathway genes in cetaceans.

Tian R, Seim I, Zhang Z, Yang Y, Ren W, Xu S Genes Genomics. 2019; 41(12):1417-1430.

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Toll-Like Receptor Evolution in Birds: Gene Duplication, Pseudogenization, and Diversifying Selection.

Velova H, Gutowska-Ding M, Burt D, Vinkler M Mol Biol Evol. 2018; 35(9):2170-2184.

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Adaptive genetic variation at three loci in South African vervet monkeys () and the role of selection within primates.

Coetzer W, Turner T, Schmitt C, Grobler J PeerJ. 2018; 6:e4953.

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