A Multivariate Analysis of Potential Risk Factors for Intra- and Postoperative Complications in 1316 Elective Laparoscopic Colorectal Procedures

Objective: To identify predictive risk factors for intra- and postoperative complications in patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal surgery.

Background Data: In emergency situations or in elective open and laparoscopic colorectal surgery, there are many risk factors that should be recognized by the surgeon to reduce complications and initiate adequate treatment. Most available data, thus far, refer to open colorectal surgery and literature that focuses mainly on a laparoscopic approach is still rare.

Methods: Univariate and multivariate analyses of a prospectively gathered database (1993-2006) were performed on a consecutive series of patients (1316) undergoing laparoscopic colorectal surgery who were operated at a single institution (first referral center). Patients were assessed for demographic data, operative indications, type of resection, and intra- and postoperative complications. Altogether, we analyzed 20 potential risk factors to identify significant influence on the intra- and postoperative outcome.

Results: Significant risk factors that led to intraoperative complications consisted of age > or = 75 years and malignant neoplasia. Increased postoperative rate of surgical complications was significantly influenced by male gender, age > or = 75 years, American Society of Anesthesiology class > or = III, malignant neoplasia, and the experience of the surgeon. The analysis of specific medical postoperative complications revealed even more significant predictive risk factors. In addition, our analysis showed that specific risk factors predict specific complications such as postoperative bleeding, anastomotic leakage, and surgical site infections. The type of surgical procedure performed also influenced patient outcome.

Conclusion: This large single center study provides the first evidence of the significance of predictive risk factors for intra- and postoperative complications in laparoscopic colorectal surgery.