Enzymatic Synthesis of Glycosaminoglycan Heparin

Overview

Journal Semin Thromb Hemost

Publisher Thieme

Specialties Cardiology & Vascular Diseases
Hematology

Date 2007 Jul 17

PMID 17629842

Citations 20

Authors

Robert J Linhardt

Jonathan S Dordick

Paul L DeAngelis

Jian Liu

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Heparin and its low molecular weight heparin derivatives, widely used as clinical anticoagulants, are acidic polysaccharide members of a family of biomacromolecules called glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Heparin and the related heparan sulfate are biosynthesized in the Golgi apparatus of eukaryotic cells. Heparin is a polycomponent drug that currently is prepared for clinical use by extraction from animal tissues. A heparin pentasaccharide, fondaparinux, has also been prepared through chemical synthesis for use as a homogenous anticoagulant drug. Recent enabling technologies suggest that it may now be possible to synthesize heparin and its derivatives enzymatically. Moreover, new technologies including advances in synthetic carbohydrate synthesis, enzyme-based GAG synthesis, micro- and nano-display of GAGs, rapid on-line structural analysis, and microarray/microfluidic technologies might be applied to the enzymatic synthesis of heparins with defined structures and exhibiting selected activities. The advent of these new technologies also makes it possible to consider the construction of an artificial Golgi to increase our understanding of the cellular control of GAG biosyntheses in this organelle.

Citing Articles

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Chemical Modification of Glycosaminoglycan Polysaccharides.

Palhares L, London J, Kozlowski A, Esposito E, Chavante S, Ni M Molecules. 2021; 26(17).

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Developments in Mass Spectrometry for Glycosaminoglycan Analysis: A Review.

Pepi L, Sanderson P, Stickney M, Jonathan Amster I Mol Cell Proteomics. 2020; 20:100025.

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