The Missing Link in the Fungal D-galacturonate Pathway: Identification of the L-threo-3-deoxy-hexulosonate Aldolase

The fungal path for the catabolism of D-galacturonate is only partially known. It is however distinctly different to the well-known bacterial path. The known elements of the fungal path are D-galacturonate reductase converting D-galacturonate to L-galactonate and L-galactonate dehydratase converting L-galactonate to L-threo-3-deoxy-hexulosonate (2-keto-3-deoxy-L-galactonate). Here we describe the missing link in this pathway, an aldolase converting L-threo-3-deoxy-hexulosonate to pyruvate and L-glyceraldehyde. Fungal enzymes converting L-glyceraldehyde to glycerol have been described previously. The L-threo-3-deoxy-hexulosonate aldolase activity was induced in the mold Hypocrea jecorina (Trichoderma reesei) during growth on D-galacturonate. The enzyme was purified from this mold and a partial amino acid sequence obtained. This sequence was then used to identify the corresponding gene from the H. jecorina genome. The deletion of the gene resulted in a strain unable to grow on d-galacturonate and accumulating L-threo-3-deoxy-hexulosonate. The open reading frame was cloned from cDNA and functionally expressed in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A histidine-tagged protein was expressed, purified, and characterized. The enzyme catalyzed reaction was reversible. With L-threo-3-deoxy-hexulosonate as substrate the K(m) was 3.5 mM and with pyruvate and L-glyceraldehyde the K(m) were 0.5 and 1.2 mM, respectively.