An ERF Transcription Factor in Medicago Truncatula That is Essential for Nod Factor Signal Transduction

Overview

Journal Plant Cell

Publisher Oxford University Press

Specialties Biology
Cell Biology

Date 2007 Apr 24

PMID 17449807

Citations 130

Authors

Patrick H Middleton

Julia Jakab

R Varma Penmetsa

Colby G Starker

Jake Doll

Peter Kalo

Radhika Prabhu

John F Marsh

Raka M Mitra

Attila Kereszt

Brigitta Dudas

Kathryn VandenBosch

Sharon R Long

Doug R Cook

Gyorgy B Kiss

Giles E D Oldroyd

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Rhizobial bacteria activate the formation of nodules on the appropriate host legume plant, and this requires the bacterial signaling molecule Nod factor. Perception of Nod factor in the plant leads to the activation of a number of rhizobial-induced genes. Putative transcriptional regulators in the GRAS family are known to function in Nod factor signaling, but these proteins have not been shown to be capable of direct DNA binding. Here, we identify an ERF transcription factor, ERF Required for Nodulation (ERN), which contains a highly conserved AP2 DNA binding domain, that is necessary for nodulation. Mutations in this gene block the initiation and development of rhizobial invasion structures, termed infection threads, and thus block nodule invasion by the bacteria. We show that ERN is necessary for Nod factor-induced gene expression and for spontaneous nodulation activated by the calcium- and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase, DMI3, which is a component of the Nod factor signaling pathway. We propose that ERN is a component of the Nod factor signal transduction pathway and functions downstream of DMI3 to activate nodulation gene expression.

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