Rapid Urban Malaria Appraisal (RUMA) I: Epidemiology of Urban Malaria in Ouagadougou

Overview

Journal Malar J

Publisher Biomed Central

Specialty Tropical Medicine

Date 2005 Sep 20

PMID 16168054

Citations 45

Authors

Shr-Jie Wang

Christian Lengeler

Thomas A Smith

Penelope Vounatsou

Diallo A Diadie

Xavier Pritroipa

Natalie Convelbo

Mathieu Kientga

Marcel Tanner

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: Rapid urbanization in sub-Saharan Africa has a major impact on malaria epidemiology. While much is known about malaria in rural areas in Burkina Faso, the urban situation is less well understood.

Methods: An assessment of urban malaria was carried out in Ouagadougou in November -December, 2002 during which a rapid urban malaria appraisal (RUMA) was applied.

Results: The school parasitaemia prevalence was relatively high (48.3%) at the cold and dry season 2002. Routine malaria statistics indicated that seasonality of malaria transmission was marked. In the health facilities, the number of clinical cases diminished quickly at the start of the cold and dry season and the prevalence of parasitaemia detected in febrile and non-febrile cases was 21.1% and 22.0%, respectively. The health facilities were likely to overestimate the malaria incidence and the age-specific fractions of malaria-attributable fevers were low (0-0.13). Peak prevalence tended to occur in older children (aged 6-15 years). Mapping of Anopheles sp. breeding sites indicated a gradient of endemicity between the urban centre and the periphery of Ouagadougou. A remarkable link was found between urban agriculture activities, seasonal availability of water supply and the occurrence of malaria infections in this semi-arid area. The study also demonstrated that the usage of insecticide-treated nets and the education level of family caretakers played a key role in reducing malaria infection rates.

Conclusion: These findings show that determining local endemicity and the rate of clinical malaria cases are urgently required in order to target control activities and avoid over-treatment with antimalarials. The case management needs to be tailored to the level of the prevailing endemicity.

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