PAQR Proteins: a Novel Membrane Receptor Family Defined by an Ancient 7-transmembrane Pass Motif

Overview

Journal J Mol Evol

Specialty Biochemistry

Date 2005 Jul 27

PMID 16044242

Citations 159

Authors

Y Tom Tang

Tianhua Hu

Matthew Arterburn

Bryan Boyle

Jessica M Bright

Peter C Emtage

Walter D Funk

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

An emerging series of papers has identified new receptor proteins that predict seven-transmembrane pass topologies. We have consolidated this family to 11 human genes and have named the family PAQR, after two of the initially described ligands (progestin and adipoQ receptors). This protein family has ancient evolutionary roots, with identified homologs found in eubacteria. To date, published data indicate that the prokaryotic members of this family appear to encode hemolysin-type proteins, while in eukaryotes, PAQR proteins encode functional receptors with a broad range of apparent ligand specificities. We provide the complete human and mouse complement of this family, suggest a conserved structure/topology with invariant intracellular amino acid residues, and have measured mRNA expression levels for these genes across a range of human tissues.

Citing Articles

Molecular mechanisms of Mmd2 gene in regulating growth of the Pacific white shrimp .

Si S, Zhang X, Yu Y, Zhong X, Zhang X, Yuan J Mar Life Sci Technol. 2025; 7(1):50-65.

PMID: 40027329 PMC: 11871217. DOI: 10.1007/s42995-024-00273-7.

Progesterone induces meiosis through two obligate co-receptors with PLA2 activity.

Nader N, Assaf L, Zarif L, Halama A, Yadav S, Dib M Elife. 2025; 13.

PMID: 39873665 PMC: 11774516. DOI: 10.7554/eLife.92635.

as a prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma.

Zou T, Jia Z, Wu J, Liu X, Deng M, Zhang X Front Immunol. 2025; 15:1521629.

PMID: 39742277 PMC: 11685228. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1521629.

Membrane progesterone receptor e (paqr9) is necessary for chorion elevation in zebrafish.

Tanvir M, Mouri T, Tsutsumi E, Mustary U, Farid M, Hossain M Fish Physiol Biochem. 2024; 51(1):1.

PMID: 39643858 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-024-01435-1.

Membrane progesterone receptor γ (paqr5b) is essential for the formation of neurons in the zebrafish olfactory rosette.

Mustary U, Maeno A, Rahaman M, Ali M, Tokumoto T Sci Rep. 2024; 14(1):24354.

PMID: 39420013 PMC: 11487149. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-74674-0.

References

Yamauchi T, Kamon J, Minokoshi Y, Ito Y, Waki H, Uchida S . Adiponectin stimulates glucose utilization and fatty-acid oxidation by activating AMP-activated protein kinase. Nat Med. 2002; 8(11):1288-95. DOI: 10.1038/nm788. View

Ewing B, Green P . Base-calling of automated sequencer traces using phred. II. Error probabilities. Genome Res. 1998; 8(3):186-94. View

Huang X . An improved sequence assembly program. Genomics. 1996; 33(1):21-31. DOI: 10.1006/geno.1996.0155. View

Baida G, Kuzmin N . Mechanism of action of hemolysin III from Bacillus cereus. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1996; 1284(2):122-4. DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2736(96)00168-x. View

Zhu Y, Rice C, Pang Y, Pace M, Thomas P . Cloning, expression, and characterization of a membrane progestin receptor and evidence it is an intermediary in meiotic maturation of fish oocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003; 100(5):2231-6. PMC: 151323. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0336132100. View

Vassilatis D, Hohmann J, Zeng H, Li F, Ranchalis J, Mortrud M . The G protein-coupled receptor repertoires of human and mouse. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003; 100(8):4903-8. PMC: 153653. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0230374100. View

Zhu Y, Bond J, Thomas P . Identification, classification, and partial characterization of genes in humans and other vertebrates homologous to a fish membrane progestin receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003; 100(5):2237-42. PMC: 151324. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0436133100. View

Florea L, Hartzell G, Zhang Z, Rubin G, Miller W . A computer program for aligning a cDNA sequence with a genomic DNA sequence. Genome Res. 1998; 8(9):967-74. PMC: 310774. DOI: 10.1101/gr.8.9.967. View

Hughey R, KROGH A . Hidden Markov models for sequence analysis: extension and analysis of the basic method. Comput Appl Biosci. 1996; 12(2):95-107. DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/12.2.95. View

10.

Yamauchi T, Kamon J, Ito Y, Tsuchida A, Yokomizo T, Kita S . Cloning of adiponectin receptors that mediate antidiabetic metabolic effects. Nature. 2003; 423(6941):762-9. DOI: 10.1038/nature01705. View

11.

Gether U . Uncovering molecular mechanisms involved in activation of G protein-coupled receptors. Endocr Rev. 2000; 21(1):90-113. DOI: 10.1210/edrv.21.1.0390. View

12.

Baida G, Kuzmin N . Cloning and primary structure of a new hemolysin gene from Bacillus cereus. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1995; 1264(2):151-4. DOI: 10.1016/0167-4781(95)00150-f. View

13.

Thompson J, Higgins D, Gibson T . CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. Nucleic Acids Res. 1994; 22(22):4673-80. PMC: 308517. DOI: 10.1093/nar/22.22.4673. View

14.

Ewing B, Hillier L, Wendl M, Green P . Base-calling of automated sequencer traces using phred. I. Accuracy assessment. Genome Res. 1998; 8(3):175-85. DOI: 10.1101/gr.8.3.175. View

15.

Ganfornina M, Sanchez D . Generation of evolutionary novelty by functional shift. Bioessays. 1999; 21(5):432-9. DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1521-1878(199905)21:5<432::AID-BIES10>3.0.CO;2-T. View

16.

Altschul S, Madden T, Schaffer A, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Miller W . Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: a new generation of protein database search programs. Nucleic Acids Res. 1997; 25(17):3389-402. PMC: 146917. DOI: 10.1093/nar/25.17.3389. View

17.

Karpichev I, Cornivelli L, Small G . Multiple regulatory roles of a novel Saccharomyces cerevisiae protein, encoded by YOL002c, in lipid and phosphate metabolism. J Biol Chem. 2002; 277(22):19609-17. DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M202045200. View