The Diploid Genome Sequence of Candida Albicans

Overview

Journal Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

Specialty Science

Date 2004 May 5

PMID 15123810

Citations 344

Authors

Ted Jones

Nancy A Federspiel

Hiroji Chibana

Jan Dungan

Sue Kalman

B B Magee

George Newport

Yvonne R Thorstenson

Nina Agabian

P T Magee

Ronald W Davis

Stewart Scherer

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

We present the diploid genome sequence of the fungal pathogen Candida albicans. Because C. albicans has no known haploid or homozygous form, sequencing was performed as a whole-genome shotgun of the heterozygous diploid genome in strain SC5314, a clinical isolate that is the parent of strains widely used for molecular analysis. We developed computational methods to assemble a diploid genome sequence in good agreement with available physical mapping data. We provide a whole-genome description of heterozygosity in the organism. Comparative genomic analyses provide important clues about the evolution of the species and its mechanisms of pathogenesis.

Citing Articles

Celastrol boosts fluconazole efficacy against vaginal candidiasis: in vitro and in vivo evidence.

Yehia F, Abbas H, Ibrahim T, Mansour B, Awan Z, Al-Rabia M AMB Express. 2025; 15(1):18.

PMID: 39881021 PMC: 11780038. DOI: 10.1186/s13568-025-01824-6.

The Cwr1 protein kinase localizes to the plasma membrane and mediates resistance to cell wall stress in .

Naseem S, Zahumensky J, Lanze C, Douglas L, Malinsky J, Konopka J mSphere. 2024; 9(12):e0039124.

PMID: 39611854 PMC: 11656795. DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00391-24.

Editorial: Mitochondrial function and dysfunction in pathogenic fungi.

Alves R, Gourlay C Front Physiol. 2024; 15:1506684.

PMID: 39534857 PMC: 11554653. DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1506684.

Shining a light on -induced epithelial damage with a luciferase reporter.

Tesfamariam M, Vij R, Trumper V, Hube B, Brunke S mSphere. 2024; 9(11):e0050924.

PMID: 39412273 PMC: 11580449. DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00509-24.

Candidiasis in breast cancer: Tumor progression or not?.

Ashrafi S, Amini A, Karimi P, Bagherian M, Adibzadeh Sereshgi M, Asgarhalvaei F Iran J Basic Med Sci. 2024; 27(11):1346-1356.

PMID: 39386227 PMC: 11459349. DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2024.75408.16379.

References

Yesland K, Fonzi W . Allele-specific gene targeting in Candida albicans results from heterology between alleles. Microbiology (Reading). 2000; 146 ( Pt 9):2097-2104. DOI: 10.1099/00221287-146-9-2097. View

Chibana H, Beckerman J, Magee P . Fine-resolution physical mapping of genomic diversity in Candida albicans. Genome Res. 2000; 10(12):1865-77. DOI: 10.1101/gr.148600. View

Kohler J, Fink G . Candida albicans strains heterozygous and homozygous for mutations in mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling components have defects in hyphal development. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996; 93(23):13223-8. PMC: 24074. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.93.23.13223. View

Lander E, Waterman M . Genomic mapping by fingerprinting random clones: a mathematical analysis. Genomics. 1988; 2(3):231-9. DOI: 10.1016/0888-7543(88)90007-9. View

Poulter R . Natural auxotrophic heterozygosity in Candida albicans. Crit Rev Microbiol. 1987; 15(1):97-101. DOI: 10.3109/10408418709104452. View

Magee B, Magee P . Induction of mating in Candida albicans by construction of MTLa and MTLalpha strains. Science. 2000; 289(5477):310-3. DOI: 10.1126/science.289.5477.310. View

Chu W, Magee B, Magee P . Construction of an SfiI macrorestriction map of the Candida albicans genome. J Bacteriol. 1993; 175(20):6637-51. PMC: 206775. DOI: 10.1128/jb.175.20.6637-6651.1993. View

Hoyer L . The ALS gene family of Candida albicans. Trends Microbiol. 2001; 9(4):176-80. DOI: 10.1016/s0966-842x(01)01984-9. View

Hull C, Raisner R, Johnson A . Evidence for mating of the "asexual" yeast Candida albicans in a mammalian host. Science. 2000; 289(5477):307-10. DOI: 10.1126/science.289.5477.307. View

10.

Staib P, Kretschmar M, Nichterlein T, Hof H, Morschhauser J . Host versus in vitro signals and intrastrain allelic differences in the expression of a Candida albicans virulence gene. Mol Microbiol. 2002; 44(5):1351-66. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2958.2002.02967.x. View

11.

Santos M, Keith G, Tuite M . Non-standard translational events in Candida albicans mediated by an unusual seryl-tRNA with a 5'-CAG-3' (leucine) anticodon. EMBO J. 1993; 12(2):607-16. PMC: 413244. DOI: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1993.tb05693.x. View

12.

Tzung K, Williams R, Scherer S, Federspiel N, Jones T, Hansen N . Genomic evidence for a complete sexual cycle in Candida albicans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001; 98(6):3249-53. PMC: 30639. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.061628798. View

13.

Chibana H, Magee B, Grindle S, Ran Y, Scherer S, Magee P . A physical map of chromosome 7 of Candida albicans. Genetics. 1998; 149(4):1739-52. PMC: 1460290. DOI: 10.1093/genetics/149.4.1739. View

14.

Tsang P, Cao B, Siu P, Wang J . Loss of heterozygosity, by mitotic gene conversion and crossing over, causes strain-specific adenine mutants in constitutive diploid Candida albicans. Microbiology (Reading). 1999; 145 ( Pt 7):1623-1629. DOI: 10.1099/13500872-145-7-1623. View

15.

Davis D, Wilson R, Mitchell A . RIM101-dependent and-independent pathways govern pH responses in Candida albicans. Mol Cell Biol. 2000; 20(3):971-8. PMC: 85214. DOI: 10.1128/MCB.20.3.971-978.2000. View

16.

Cowen L, Anderson J, Kohn L . Evolution of drug resistance in Candida albicans. Annu Rev Microbiol. 2002; 56:139-65. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.micro.56.012302.160907. View

17.

Goodwin T, Poulter R . Multiple LTR-retrotransposon families in the asexual yeast Candida albicans. Genome Res. 2000; 10(2):174-91. DOI: 10.1101/gr.10.2.174. View

18.

Fonzi W, Irwin M . Isogenic strain construction and gene mapping in Candida albicans. Genetics. 1993; 134(3):717-28. PMC: 1205510. DOI: 10.1093/genetics/134.3.717. View

19.

Seoighe C, Federspiel N, Jones T, Hansen N, Bivolarovic V, Surzycki R . Prevalence of small inversions in yeast gene order evolution. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000; 97(26):14433-7. PMC: 18936. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.240462997. View

20.

Ramanan N, Wang Y . A high-affinity iron permease essential for Candida albicans virulence. Science. 2000; 288(5468):1062-4. DOI: 10.1126/science.288.5468.1062. View