Pentylenetetrazol-induced Seizures in Rats: an Ontogenetic Study

Overview

Journal Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol

Specialty Pharmacology

Date 1992 Nov 1

PMID 1470230

Citations 28

Authors

L Velisek

H Kubova

M Pohl

L StankovA

P Mares

R Schickerova

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

A quantitative description of motor seizures induced by pentylenetetrazol (PTZ, metrazol) was performed. Seizures were induced by PTZ in doses from 40 to 120 mg/kg s.c. in 477 male albino rats of the Wistar strain 7 to 90 days old. Two patterns of seizures were elicited: minimal, i.e. predominantly clonic seizures of facial and forelimb muscles with preserved righting ability, and major, i.e. generalized tonic-clonic seizures with a loss of righting reflex. Minimal seizures could be reliably elicited since the age of 18 days; the CD50 for these seizures did not significantly differ with age. Major seizures were elicited regularly at all developmental stages studied. Their CD50 did not significantly differ among 7-, 12- and 25-day-old rat pups but the value for 18-day-old rats was smaller and for adult animals larger than these three age groups.

Citing Articles

Seizures elicited by transcorneal 6 Hz stimulation in developing rats.

Mares P, Metcalf C, Baloun J, Kubova H PLoS One. 2025; 20(1):e0313681.

PMID: 39752469 PMC: 11698314. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0313681.

Padsevonil suppresses seizures without inducing cell death in neonatal rats.

Quinlan S, Witherspoon E, Forcelli P Pharmacol Rep. 2024; 76(5):1055-1066.

PMID: 39028384 PMC: 11584979. DOI: 10.1007/s43440-024-00628-y.

Anti-seizure medication-induced developmental cell death in neonatal rats is unaltered by history of hypoxia.

Ghosh A, Quinlan S, Forcelli P Epilepsy Res. 2024; 201:107318.

PMID: 38430668 PMC: 11018699. DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2024.107318.

Inflammasomes in neurological disorders - mechanisms and therapeutic potential.

Ravichandran K, Heneka M Nat Rev Neurol. 2024; 20(2):67-83.

PMID: 38195712 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-023-00915-x.

Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Seizures Are Increased after Kindling, Exhibiting Vitamin-Responsive Correlations to the Post-Seizures Behavior, Amino Acids Metabolism and Key Metabolic Regulators in the Rat Brain.

Aleshin V, Graf A, Artiukhov A, Ksenofontov A, Zavileyskiy L, Maslova M Int J Mol Sci. 2023; 24(15).

PMID: 37569781 PMC: 10418815. DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512405.

References

Gale K . Progression and generalization of seizure discharge: anatomical and neurochemical substrates. Epilepsia. 1988; 29 Suppl 2:S15-34. DOI: 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1988.tb05795.x. View

BRINK J, Cariglia N, Stein D, Galipeau L . Uptake of [14C] pentylenetetrazol by developing rat brain. Brain Res. 1970; 19(3):445-50. DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(70)90387-2. View

Pohl M, Mares P . Effects of flunarizine on Metrazol-induced seizures in developing rats. Epilepsy Res. 1987; 1(5):302-5. DOI: 10.1016/0920-1211(87)90006-4. View

Browning R, Nelson D . Modification of electroshock and pentylenetetrazol seizure patterns in rats after precollicular transections. Exp Neurol. 1986; 93(3):546-56. DOI: 10.1016/0014-4886(86)90174-3. View

Browning R . Role of the brain-stem reticular formation in tonic-clonic seizures: lesion and pharmacological studies. Fed Proc. 1985; 44(8):2425-31. View

Mares P, Velisek L . Influence of ethosuximide on metrazol-induced seizures during ontogenesis in rats. Act Nerv Super (Praha). 1983; 25(4):295-8. View

Haberer L, Pollack G . Central nervous system uptake kinetics of pentylenetetrazol in the developing rat. Biopharm Drug Dispos. 1991; 12(1):59-71. DOI: 10.1002/bdd.2510120107. View

de Casrilevitz M, Engelhardt E, Esberard C . Maturation of convulsogenic activity induced by leptazol in the albino rat. Br J Pharmacol. 1971; 42(1):31-42. PMC: 1666994. DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1971.tb07084.x. View

Vernadakis A, Woodbury D . The developing animal as a model. Epilepsia. 1969; 10(2):163-78. DOI: 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1969.tb03841.x. View

10.

Loscher W, Schmidt D . Which animal models should be used in the search for new antiepileptic drugs? A proposal based on experimental and clinical considerations. Epilepsy Res. 1988; 2(3):145-81. DOI: 10.1016/0920-1211(88)90054-x. View

11.

Mares P, Schickerova R . Seizures elicited by subcutaneous injection of metrazol during ontogenesis in rats. Act Nerv Super (Praha). 1980; 22(4):264-8. View

12.

Veliskova J, Velisek L, Mares P . Epileptic phenomena produced by kainic acid in laboratory rats during ontogenesis. Physiol Bohemoslov. 1988; 37(5):395-405. View

13.

ZOUHAR A, Mares P, Mudrochova M . Motor and electrocorticographic epileptic activity induced by bicuculline in developing rats. Epilepsia. 1989; 30(4):501-10. DOI: 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1989.tb05332.x. View

14.

Veliskova J, Velisek L, Mares P, Rokyta R . Ketamine suppresses both bicuculline- and picrotoxin-induced generalized tonic-clonic seizures during ontogenesis. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1990; 37(4):667-74. DOI: 10.1016/0091-3057(90)90544-r. View

15.

Yonekawa W, KUPFERBERG H, Woodbury D . Relationship between pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures and brain pentylenetetrazol levels in mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1980; 214(3):589-93. View

16.

Albala B, Moshe S, Okada R . Kainic-acid-induced seizures: a developmental study. Brain Res. 1984; 315(1):139-48. DOI: 10.1016/0165-3806(84)90085-3. View

17.

Mares P, Trojan S . Ontogenetic development of isonicotinehydrazide-induced seizures in rats. Brain Dev. 1991; 13(2):121-5. DOI: 10.1016/s0387-7604(12)80119-7. View

18.

De Feo M, Mecarelli O, Ricci G . Bicuculline- and allylglycine-induced epilepsy in developing rats. Exp Neurol. 1985; 90(2):411-21. DOI: 10.1016/0014-4886(85)90030-5. View