Changes of Ventricular Ependyma and Choroid Plexus in Experimental Hydrocephalus, As Observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy

Overview

Journal Acta Neuropathol

Specialty Neurology

Date 1976 Jan 31

PMID 1251685

Citations 13

Authors

K G Go

I Stokroos

E H Blaauw

F Zuiderveen

I Molenaar

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Hydrocephalus was induced in rats by the injection of silicone oil or kaolin suspension into the cisterna magna. One to 5 weeks later the walls of the lateral ventricles were studied with the scanning electron microscope after killing the animals by perfusion fixation. In contrast to controls, the hydrocephalic animals killed 1 or 2 weeks after injection showed degeneration of ependymal cilia and infestation of the ependymal and choroid plexus surface with reactive cells, which presumably may be identified as Kolmer phagocytic cells by their ultrastructural features as studied by the transmission electron microscope. A coating of debris on the surface of the choroid plexus in the hydrocephalic animals possibly bears upon the ciliary degeneration with consequent deficiency of the clearing effect of ciliary movement. In the longer surviving hydrocephalic animals regeneration of cilia seemed to have occurred.

Citing Articles

The Role of Choroid Plexus in Hydrocephalus from the Perspective of Structure and Function: a Therapeutic Target.

Deng Z, Wang H, Zhong K, Li Y, Deng H, Gao B Mol Neurobiol. 2025; .

PMID: 40085357 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-025-04823-7.

Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus in Adult Mice Causes Gait Impairment, Cognitive Deficits, and Urinary Frequency with Incontinence.

Tish M, Voss N, Bertolli A, Klimara M, Smith R, Thedens D eNeuro. 2024; 11(11).

PMID: 39542734 PMC: 11595603. DOI: 10.1523/ENEURO.0412-24.2024.

High-Fat Diet Impairs Mouse Median Eminence: A Study by Transmission and Scanning Electron Microscopy Coupled with Raman Spectroscopy.

Severi I, Fosca M, Colleluori G, Marini F, Imperatori L, Senzacqua M Int J Mol Sci. 2021; 22(15).

PMID: 34360816 PMC: 8347199. DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158049.

Effect of bunching of cilia and their interplay on muco-ciliary transport.

Roy Y, Sivathanu V, Das S Comput Biol Med. 2013; 43(11):1758-72.

PMID: 24209922 PMC: 7094451. DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2013.08.014.

Cilia-related diseases.

Afzelius B J Pathol. 2004; 204(4):470-7.

PMID: 15495266 PMC: 7167937. DOI: 10.1002/path.1652.

References

Weindl A, JOYNT R . Ultrastructure of the ventricular walls. Three-dimensional study of regional specialization. Arch Neurol. 1972; 26(5):420-7. DOI: 10.1001/archneur.1972.00490110054005. View

Nielsen S, Gauger G . Experimental hydrocephalus: surface alterations of the lateral ventricle. Scanning electron microscopic studies. Lab Invest. 1974; 30(5):618-25. View

CARPENTER S, MCCARTHY L, BORISON H . Electron microscopic study of the epiplexus (Kolmer) cells of the cat choroid plexus. Z Zellforsch Mikrosk Anat. 1970; 110(4):471-86. DOI: 10.1007/BF00330099. View

Westergaard E . The fine structure of nerve fibers and endings in the lateral cerebral ventricles of the rat. J Comp Neurol. 1972; 144(3):345-54. DOI: 10.1002/cne.901440306. View

Peters A . The surface fine structure of the choroid plexus and ependymal lining of the rat lateral ventricle. J Neurocytol. 1974; 3(1):99-108. DOI: 10.1007/BF01111935. View

Milhorat T, Clark R, Hammock M, McGrath P . Structural, ultrastructural, and permeability changes in the ependyma and surrounding brain favoring equilibration in progressive hydrocephalus. Arch Neurol. 1970; 22(5):397-407. DOI: 10.1001/archneur.1970.00480230015002. View

Bruni J, MONTEMURRO D, Clattenburg R, Singh R . A scanning electron microscopic study of the ependymal surface of the third ventricle of the rabbit, rat, mouse and human brain. Anat Rec. 1972; 174(4):407-20. DOI: 10.1002/ar.1091740402. View

Weller R, Wisniewski H . Histological and ultrastructural changes with experimental hydrocephalus in adult rabbits. Brain. 1969; 92(4):819-28. DOI: 10.1093/brain/92.4.819. View

NOACK W, Dumitrescu L, Schweichel J . Scanning and electron microscopical investigations of the surface structures of the lateral ventricles in the cat. Brain Res. 1972; 46:121-9. DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(72)90010-8. View

10.

Scott D, Kozlowski G, SHERIDAN M . Scanning electron microscopy in the ultrastructural analysis of the mammalian cerebral ventricular system. Int Rev Cytol. 1974; 37(0):349-88. DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(08)61362-5. View

11.

Scott D, Kozlowski G, Paull W, Ramalingam S . Scanning electron microscopy of the human cerebral ventricular system. II. The fourth ventricle. Z Zellforsch Mikrosk Anat. 1973; 139(1):61-8. DOI: 10.1007/BF00307461. View

12.

Page R . Scanning electron microscopy of the ventricular system in normal and hydrocephalic rabbits. Preliminary report and atlas. J Neurosurg. 1975; 42(6):646-64. DOI: 10.3171/jns.1975.42.6.0646. View

13.

Allen D, LOW F . The ependymal surface of the lateral ventricle of the dog as revealed by scanning electron microscopy. Am J Anat. 1973; 137(4):483-9. DOI: 10.1002/aja.1001370410. View

14.

Coates P . Supraependymal cells: light and transmission electron microscopy extends scanning electron microscopic demonstration. Brain Res. 1973; 57(2):502-7. DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(73)90157-1. View

15.

Kappers J . [Experimental study of the function and origin of Kolmer's cells of plexus chorioideus in axolotl and guinea pig]. Z Anat Entwicklungsgesch. 1953; 117(1):1-19. View

16.

Hosoya Y, Fujita T . Scanning electron microscope observation of intraventricular macrophages (Kolmer cells) in the rat brain. Arch Histol Jpn. 1973; 35(2):133-40. DOI: 10.1679/aohc1950.35.133. View

17.

McLone D, BONDAREFF W, RAIMONDI A . Brain edema in the hydrocephalic hy-3 mouse: submicroscopic morphology. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 1971; 30(4):627-37. DOI: 10.1097/00005072-197110000-00007. View

18.

Bleier R, Albrecht R, Cruce J . Supraependymal cells of hypothalamic third ventricle: identification as resident phagocytes of the brain. Science. 1975; 189(4199):299-301. DOI: 10.1126/science.1145204. View