Role of RAD52 Epistasis Group Genes in Homologous Recombination and Double-strand Break Repair

Overview

Journal Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

Publisher American Society for Microbiology

Specialty Microbiology

Date 2002 Nov 29

PMID 12456786

Citations 524

Authors

Lorraine S Symington

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

The process of homologous recombination is a major DNA repair pathway that operates on DNA double-strand breaks, and possibly other kinds of DNA lesions, to promote error-free repair. Central to the process of homologous recombination are the RAD52 group genes (RAD50, RAD51, RAD52, RAD54, RDH54/TID1, RAD55, RAD57, RAD59, MRE11, and XRS2), most of which were identified by their requirement for the repair of ionizing-radiation-induced DNA damage in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The Rad52 group proteins are highly conserved among eukaryotes, and Rad51, Mre11, and Rad50 are also conserved in prokaryotes and archaea. Recent studies showing defects in homologous recombination and double-strand break repair in several human cancer-prone syndromes have emphasized the importance of this repair pathway in maintaining genome integrity. Although sensitivity to ionizing radiation is a universal feature of rad52 group mutants, the mutants show considerable heterogeneity in different assays for recombinational repair of double-strand breaks and spontaneous mitotic recombination. Herein, I provide an overview of recent biochemical and structural analyses of the Rad52 group proteins and discuss how this information can be incorporated into genetic studies of recombination.

Citing Articles

Genome-wide conditional degron libraries for functional genomics.

Gameiro E, Juarez-Nunez K, Fung J, Shankar S, Luke B, Khmelinskii A J Cell Biol. 2024; 224(2).

PMID: 39692735 PMC: 11654235. DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202409007.

Fibroblasts regulate the transcriptional signature of human papillomavirus-positive keratinocytes.

James C, Lewis R, Witt A, Carter C, Rais N, Wang X Tumour Virus Res. 2024; 19:200302.

PMID: 39667669 PMC: 11699615. DOI: 10.1016/j.tvr.2024.200302.

Recurrent DNA nicks drive massive expansions of (GAA) repeats.

Li L, Scott W, Khristich A, Armenia J, Mirkin S Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2024; 121(49):e2413298121.

PMID: 39585990 PMC: 11626148. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2413298121.

The strand exchange domain of tumor suppressor PALB2 is intrinsically disordered and promotes oligomerization-dependent DNA compaction.

Kyriukha Y, Watkins M, Redington J, Chintalapati N, Ganti A, Dastvan R iScience. 2024; 27(12):111259.

PMID: 39584160 PMC: 11582789. DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.111259.

The Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress on Reducing Recombinant Protein Production in Mammalian Cells.

Splichal R, Chen K, Walton S, Chan C Biochem Eng J. 2024; 210.

PMID: 39220803 PMC: 11360842. DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2024.109434.

References

Usui T, Ohta T, Oshiumi H, Tomizawa J, Ogawa H, Ogawa T . Complex formation and functional versatility of Mre11 of budding yeast in recombination. Cell. 1998; 95(5):705-16. DOI: 10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81640-2. View

Kans J, MORTIMER R . Nucleotide sequence of the RAD57 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Gene. 1991; 105(1):139-40. DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(91)90527-i. View

Adzuma K, Ogawa T, Ogawa H . Primary structure of the RAD52 gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Cell Biol. 1984; 4(12):2735-44. PMC: 369283. DOI: 10.1128/mcb.4.12.2735-2744.1984. View

Hunter N, Kleckner N . The single-end invasion: an asymmetric intermediate at the double-strand break to double-holliday junction transition of meiotic recombination. Cell. 2001; 106(1):59-70. DOI: 10.1016/s0092-8674(01)00430-5. View

Hurst D, Fogel S, MORTIMER R . Conversion-associated recombination in yeast (hybrids-meiosis-tetrads-marker loci-models). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1972; 69(1):101-5. PMC: 427554. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.69.1.101. View

Maryon E, Carroll D . Characterization of recombination intermediates from DNA injected into Xenopus laevis oocytes: evidence for a nonconservative mechanism of homologous recombination. Mol Cell Biol. 1991; 11(6):3278-87. PMC: 360180. DOI: 10.1128/mcb.11.6.3278-3287.1991. View

Sonoda E, Takata M, Yamashita Y, Morrison C, Takeda S . Homologous DNA recombination in vertebrate cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001; 98(15):8388-94. PMC: 37448. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.111006398. View

Haber J . In vivo biochemistry: physical monitoring of recombination induced by site-specific endonucleases. Bioessays. 1995; 17(7):609-20. DOI: 10.1002/bies.950170707. View

Firmenich A, Berg P . A novel allele of Saccharomyces cerevisiae RFA1 that is deficient in recombination and repair and suppressible by RAD52. Mol Cell Biol. 1995; 15(3):1620-31. PMC: 230386. DOI: 10.1128/MCB.15.3.1620. View

10.

Saeki T, Machida I, Nakai S . Genetic control of diploid recovery after gamma-irradiation in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mutat Res. 1980; 73(2):251-65. DOI: 10.1016/0027-5107(80)90192-x. View

11.

Tashiro S, Kotomura N, Shinohara A, Tanaka K, Ueda K, Kamada N . S phase specific formation of the human Rad51 protein nuclear foci in lymphocytes. Oncogene. 1996; 12(10):2165-70. View

12.

Wu L, Davies S, Levitt N, Hickson I . Potential role for the BLM helicase in recombinational repair via a conserved interaction with RAD51. J Biol Chem. 2001; 276(22):19375-81. DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M009471200. View

13.

Lee S, Bressan D, Petrini J, Haber J . Complementation between N-terminal Saccharomyces cerevisiae mre11 alleles in DNA repair and telomere length maintenance. DNA Repair (Amst). 2003; 1(1):27-40. DOI: 10.1016/s1568-7864(01)00003-9. View

14.

Ogawa T, Yu X, Shinohara A, Egelman E . Similarity of the yeast RAD51 filament to the bacterial RecA filament. Science. 1993; 259(5103):1896-9. DOI: 10.1126/science.8456314. View

15.

Prakash L, Prakash S . Isolation and characterization of MMS-sensitive mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics. 1977; 86(1):33-55. PMC: 1213670. DOI: 10.1093/genetics/86.1.33. View

16.

Klein H . Genetic control of intrachromosomal recombination. Bioessays. 1995; 17(2):147-59. DOI: 10.1002/bies.950170210. View

17.

Steele D, Morris M . Allelic and ectopic interactions in recombination-defective yeast strains. Genetics. 1991; 127(1):53-60. PMC: 1204312. DOI: 10.1093/genetics/127.1.53. View

18.

Ezekiel U, Zassenhaus H . Localization of a cruciform cutting endonuclease to yeast mitochondria. Mol Gen Genet. 1993; 240(3):414-8. DOI: 10.1007/BF00280395. View

19.

Shinohara A, Ogawa H, Matsuda Y, Ushio N, Ikeo K, Ogawa T . Cloning of human, mouse and fission yeast recombination genes homologous to RAD51 and recA. Nat Genet. 1993; 4(3):239-43. DOI: 10.1038/ng0793-239. View

20.

Lewis L, Kirchner J, Resnick M . Requirement for end-joining and checkpoint functions, but not RAD52-mediated recombination, after EcoRI endonuclease cleavage of Saccharomyces cerevisiae DNA. Mol Cell Biol. 1998; 18(4):1891-902. PMC: 121418. DOI: 10.1128/MCB.18.4.1891. View