TTY2: a Multicopy Y-linked Gene Family

Overview

Journal Genome Res

Specialty Genetics

Date 2001 May 31

PMID 11381023

Citations 7

Authors

E Makrinou

M Fox

M Lovett

K Haworth

J M Cameron

K Taylor

Y H Edwards

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Genes involved in human male sex determination and spermatogenesis are likely to be located on the Y chromosome. In an effort to identify Y-linked, testis-expressed genes, a cDNA selection library was generated by selecting testis cDNA with Y-cosmid clones. Resultant clones containing repetitive or vector material were eliminated, and 79 of the remaining clones were sequenced. Nineteen cDNAs showed homology with the TTY2 gene, and indicated that TTY2 is part of a large gene family. Screening of a panel of Y-linked cosmids revealed that the TTY2 gene family includes at least 26 members organized in 14 subfamilies. Further investigation revealed that TTY2 genes are arranged in tandemly arrayed clusters on both arms of the Y chromosome, and each gene comprises a series of tandemly arranged repeats. RT-PCR studies for two of these genes revealed that they are expressed in adult and fetal testis, as well as in the adult kidney. None of the genes investigated in detail contain an open reading frame. We conclude that the TTY2 gene family is composed of multiple copies, some of which may function as noncoding RNA transcripts and some may be pseudogenes.

Citing Articles

High frequency of microdeletion in gene family in peripheral blood leukocytes of non-obstructive azoospermia patients.

Zonozi F, Mozdarani H, Salimi M, Mozdarani S, Fallahi P, Mozdarani S AIMS Genet. 2019; 4(4):202-212.

PMID: 31435509 PMC: 6690235. DOI: 10.3934/genet.2017.4.202.

Diversification of spatiotemporal expression and copy number variation of the echinoid hbox12/pmar1/micro1 multigene family.

Cavalieri V, Geraci F, Spinelli G PLoS One. 2017; 12(3):e0174404.

PMID: 28350855 PMC: 5370098. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174404.

A gene catalogue of the euchromatic male-specific region of the horse Y chromosome: comparison with human and other mammals.

Paria N, Raudsepp T, Pearks Wilkerson A, OBrien P, Ferguson-Smith M, Love C PLoS One. 2011; 6(7):e21374.

PMID: 21799735 PMC: 3143126. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021374.

Genetic and epigenetic underpinnings of sex differences in the brain and in neurological and psychiatric disease susceptibility.

Qureshi I, Mehler M Prog Brain Res. 2010; 186:77-95.

PMID: 21094887 PMC: 4465286. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-444-53630-3.00006-3.

Noncoding RNA in development.

Amaral P, Mattick J Mamm Genome. 2008; 19(7-8):454-92.

PMID: 18839252 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-008-9136-7.

References

TIEPOLO L, Zuffardi O . Localization of factors controlling spermatogenesis in the nonfluorescent portion of the human Y chromosome long arm. Hum Genet. 1976; 34(2):119-24. DOI: 10.1007/BF00278879. View

Vogt P, Affara N, Davey P, Hammer M, Jobling M, Lau Y . Report of the Third International Workshop on Y Chromosome Mapping 1997. Heidelberg, Germany, April 13-16, 1997. Cytogenet Cell Genet. 1997; 79(1-2):1-20. DOI: 10.1159/000134680. View

Vergnaud G, Page D, Simmler M, Brown L, Rouyer F, Noel B . A deletion map of the human Y chromosome based on DNA hybridization. Am J Hum Genet. 1986; 38(2):109-24. PMC: 1684749. View

Chomczynski P, Sacchi N . Single-step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction. Anal Biochem. 1987; 162(1):156-9. DOI: 10.1006/abio.1987.9999. View

Arnemann J, Epplen J, Cooke H, Sauermann U, Engel W, Schmidtke J . A human Y-chromosomal DNA sequence expressed in testicular tissue. Nucleic Acids Res. 1987; 15(21):8713-24. PMC: 306400. DOI: 10.1093/nar/15.21.8713. View

Ferguson-Smith M, Affara N, Magenis R . Ordering of Y-specific sequences by deletion mapping and analysis of X-Y interchange males and females. Development. 1987; 101 Suppl:41-50. DOI: 10.1242/dev.101.Supplement.41. View

Muller U, Lalande M, Donlon T, Heartlein M . Breakage of the human Y-chromosome short arm between two blocks of tandemly repeated DNA sequences. Genomics. 1989; 5(1):153-6. DOI: 10.1016/0888-7543(89)90101-8. View

Pritchard-Jones K, Fleming S, Davidson D, Bickmore W, Porteous D, Gosden C . The candidate Wilms' tumour gene is involved in genitourinary development. Nature. 1990; 346(6280):194-7. DOI: 10.1038/346194a0. View

Sinclair A, Berta P, Palmer M, Hawkins J, GRIFFITHS B, Smith M . A gene from the human sex-determining region encodes a protein with homology to a conserved DNA-binding motif. Nature. 1990; 346(6281):240-4. DOI: 10.1038/346240a0. View

10.

Askew D, Bartholomew C, Buchberg A, Valentine M, Jenkins N, Copeland N . His-1 and His-2: identification and chromosomal mapping of two commonly rearranged sites of viral integration in a myeloid leukemia. Oncogene. 1991; 6(11):2041-7. View

11.

Erdmann V, Szymanski M, Hochberg A, Groot N, Barciszewski J . Non-coding, mRNA-like RNAs database Y2K. Nucleic Acids Res. 1999; 28(1):197-200. PMC: 102406. DOI: 10.1093/nar/28.1.197. View

12.

SMIT A . Interspersed repeats and other mementos of transposable elements in mammalian genomes. Curr Opin Genet Dev. 1999; 9(6):657-63. DOI: 10.1016/s0959-437x(99)00031-3. View

13.

Eddy S . Noncoding RNA genes. Curr Opin Genet Dev. 1999; 9(6):695-9. DOI: 10.1016/s0959-437x(99)00022-2. View

14.

Fatyol K, ILLES K, Diamond D, Janish C, Szalay A . Mer22-related sequence elements form pericentric repetitive DNA families in primates. Mol Gen Genet. 2000; 262(6):931-9. DOI: 10.1007/pl00008661. View

15.

Ratti A, Stuppia L, Gatta V, Fogh I, Calabrese G, Pizzuti A . Characterization of a new TSPY gene family member in Yq (TSPYq1). Cytogenet Cell Genet. 2000; 88(1-2):159-62. DOI: 10.1159/000015510. View

16.

Pearson P, Bobrow M, Vosa C, Barlow P . Quinacrine fluorescence in mammalian chromosomes. Nature. 1971; 231(5301):326-9. DOI: 10.1038/231326a0. View

17.

Cooke H . Repeated sequence specific to human males. Nature. 1976; 262(5565):182-6. DOI: 10.1038/262182a0. View

18.

Lovett M, Kere J, Hinton L . Direct selection: a method for the isolation of cDNAs encoded by large genomic regions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991; 88(21):9628-32. PMC: 52771. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.88.21.9628. View

19.

Vollrath D, Foote S, Hilton A, Brown L, Bogan J, Page D . The human Y chromosome: a 43-interval map based on naturally occurring deletions. Science. 1992; 258(5079):52-9. DOI: 10.1126/science.1439769. View

20.

Foote S, Vollrath D, Hilton A, Page D . The human Y chromosome: overlapping DNA clones spanning the euchromatic region. Science. 1992; 258(5079):60-6. DOI: 10.1126/science.1359640. View