Intermolecular and Intramolecular Diels-Alder Cycloadditions of 3-ylidenepiperazine-2,5-diones and 5-acyloxy-2(1h)-pyrazinones

The 3-ylidenepiperazine-2,5-diones 16 and 39 and 5-acyloxy-2(1H)-pyrazinones 17 can serve as starting materials for the Diels-Alder reactions of alkenes and alkynes to the piperazine ring, under acidic conditions or in the presence of acetyl chloride, to afford tricyclic piperazine-2,5-diones 19, 20, 23-25, 27, 44, and 45. Intramolecular cycloadditions occur if 3-ylidenepiperazine-2,5-diones 30 and 32 are used as the starting materials. This procedure is a convenient path to bridged bicyclo[2.2.2]diazaoctane ring systems such as 31 and 33, the former being found in biologically active secondary mold metabolites, such as VM55599 (1) or brevianamide A (5), which have been isolated from various fungi. The synthesis of the indole compound 31 provided evidence for the proposed biochemical pathway with a Diels-Alder reaction as key step. Quantum chemical calculations have revealed that piperazinones with a cationic azadiene moiety are the most reactive species in Diels-Alder cycloadditions.