On the Equations Describing Chromatographic Peaks and the Problem of the Deconvolution of Overlapped Peaks

The problem of the appropriate choice of the function that describes a chromatographic peak is examined in combination with the deconvolution of overlapped peaks by means of the non-linear least-squares method. It is shown that the majority of the functions proposed in the literature to describe chromatographic peaks are not suitable for this purpose. Only the polynomial modified Gaussian function can describe almost every peak but it is mathematically incorrect unless it is redefined properly. Two new functions are proposed and discussed. It is also shown that the deconvolution of an overlapping peak can be done with high accuracy using a non-linear least-squares procedure, like Microsoft Solver, but this target is attained only if we use as fitted parameters the position of the peak maximum and the peak area (or height) of every component in the unresolved chromatographic peak. In case we use as fitted parameters all the parameters that describe each single peak enclosed in the multi-component peak, then Solver leads to better fits, which though do not correspond to the best deconvolution of the peak. Finally, it is found that Solver gives much better results than those of modern methods, like the immune and genetic algorithms.