Comparison of a Specialist Retrieval Team with Current United Kingdom Practice for the Transport of Critically Ill Patients

Objective: The inter-hospital transfer of critically ill patients in the United Kingdom is commonly undertaken using standard ambulance under junior doctor escort, despite recommendations for the use of specialist retrieval teams. Patients are transferred into University College London Hospitals (UCLH) intensive care unit (ICU) by both methods. We undertook to evaluate the effect of transfer method on acute physiology (within 2 h of ICU admission) and early mortality ( < 12 h after ICU admission).

Design: Retrospective review of all transfers over 1 year.

Setting: UCLH ICU.

Subjects: 259 transfers; 168 by specialist retrieval team (group A) and 91 by standard ambulance with doctor provided by referring hospital (group B).

Interventions: None.

Main Outcome Measures: Acute physiology (pH, PaO2, PaCO2, heart rate (HR), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), 24 h severity of illness scores (APACHE II, SAPS II), length of stay and mortality.

Results: There were no differences in demographic characteristics or severity of illness between the two groups; nevertheless significantly more patients in group B than in group A were severely acidotic (pH < 7.1: 11% vs. 3%, p < 0.008) and hypotensive (MAP < 60: 18 % vs. 9%, p < 0.03) upon arrival. In addition, there were more deaths within the first 12 h after admission with 7.7 % deaths (7/91) in group B transfers vs. 3% (5/168) in group A.

Conclusions: The use of a specialist transfer team may significantly improve the acute physiology of critically ill patients and may reduce early mortality in ICU.