Monoclonality of Multifocal Myxoid Liposarcoma: Confirmation by Analysis of TLS-CHOP or EWS-CHOP Rearrangements

Multifocal presentation, defined as the presence of tumor at two or more anatomically separate sites, before the manifestation of disease in sites where sarcomas usually metastasize (e.g., lungs) occurs in about 1% of extremity soft tissue sarcomas (STSs). Debate still persists whether multifocal STSs represent an unusual pattern of metastasis or multiple separate primary tumors. Among STSs with multifocal presentation, myxoid liposarcoma is the predominant histological type. This subtype of liposarcoma contains the specific t(12;16) chromosomal translocation, which results in rearrangement of the TLS and CHOP genes that is clone specific at the DNA level. We, therefore, sought to address the question of clonality by molecular analysis in six patients who presented with either synchronous or metachronous multifocal myxoid liposarcoma. In all six cases, adequate frozen tumor was available for DNA extraction from at least two distinct anatomical sites. Southern blot analysis using CHOP, TLS, and EWS cDNA probes was performed on genomic DNA. Five cases contained a TLS-CHOP rearrangement, and one case had the variant EWS-CHOP fusion (seen in <5% of cases). The size of the rearranged CHOP fragment differed among the six patients, as expected, but was identical in all anatomically separate tumor samples from each patient. Likewise, the sizes of the rearranged bands observed with either the TLS or EWS probes supported the monoclonality of all cases. Our results confirm the monoclonal origin of multifocal myxoid liposarcoma, establishing the metastatic nature of distant soft tissue lesions in these cases. It remains unclear whether this unusual pattern of metastasis represents an intrinsic property of this subset of myxoid liposarcoma or merely a rare chance occurrence. The clinical outcomes observed in this small series suggest that the prognosis of multifocal myxoid liposarcoma is poor, regardless of its often bland or "low-grade" histological appearance.