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Ara Norenzayan

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Recent Articles
11.
Lang M, Purzycki B, Apicella C, Atkinson Q, Bolyanatz A, Cohen E, et al.
Proc Biol Sci . 2019 Mar; 286(1898):20190202. PMID: 30836871
The emergence of large-scale cooperation during the Holocene remains a central problem in the evolutionary literature. One hypothesis points to culturally evolved beliefs in punishing, interventionist gods that facilitate the...
12.
White C, Norenzayan A, Schaller M
Pers Soc Psychol Bull . 2018 Dec; 45(8):1184-1201. PMID: 30554555
Karmic beliefs, centered on the expectation of ethical causation within and across lifetimes, appear in major world religions as well as spiritual movements around the world, yet they remain an...
13.
McNamara R, Willard A, Norenzayan A, Henrich J
Cognition . 2018 Sep; 182:95-108. PMID: 30227333
Mental state reasoning has been theorized as a core feature of how we navigate our social worlds, and as especially vital to moral reasoning. Judgments of moral wrong-doing and punish-worthiness...
14.
Buchtel E, Ng L, Norenzayan A, Heine S, Biesanz J, Chen S, et al.
Pers Soc Psychol Bull . 2018 May; 44(11):1545-1566. PMID: 29742994
In this investigation of cultural differences in the experience of obligation, we distinguish between Confucian Role Ethics versus Relative Autonomy lay theories of motivation and illustrate them with data showing...
15.
Purzycki B, Ross C, Apicella C, Atkinson Q, Cohen E, McNamara R, et al.
PLoS One . 2018 Mar; 13(3):e0193856. PMID: 29513766
Researchers have recently proposed that "moralistic" religions-those with moral doctrines, moralistic supernatural punishment, and lower emphasis on ritual-emerged as an effect of greater wealth and material security. One interpretation appeals...
16.
Willard A, Norenzayan A
Cognition . 2017 May; 165:137-146. PMID: 28544975
The spiritual but not religious (SBNR) are a growing population in secularizing societies. Yet, we know little about the underlying psychology of this group or their belief profile. Based on...
17.
Purzycki B, Apicella C, Atkinson Q, Cohen E, McNamara R, Willard A, et al.
Sci Data . 2016 Nov; 3:160099. PMID: 27824332
A considerable body of research cross-culturally examines the evolution of religious traditions, beliefs and behaviors. The bulk of this research, however, draws from coded qualitative ethnographies rather than from standardized...
18.
Willard A, Henrich J, Norenzayan A
Hum Nat . 2016 Apr; 27(3):221-43. PMID: 27100109
Cognitive scientists have increasingly turned to cultural transmission to explain the widespread nature of religion. One key hypothesis focuses on memory, proposing that that minimally counterintuitive (MCI) content facilitates the...
19.
Norenzayan A, Shariff A, Gervais W, Willard A, McNamara R, Slingerland E, et al.
Behav Brain Sci . 2016 Mar; 39:e29. PMID: 26948747
In our response to the 27 commentaries, we refine the theoretical claims, clarify several misconceptions of our framework, and explore substantial disagreements. In doing so, we (1) show that our...
20.
Purzycki B, Apicella C, Atkinson Q, Cohen E, McNamara R, Willard A, et al.
Nature . 2016 Feb; 530(7590):327-30. PMID: 26863190
Since the origins of agriculture, the scale of human cooperation and societal complexity has dramatically expanded. This fact challenges standard evolutionary explanations of prosociality because well-studied mechanisms of cooperation based...