The Effects of Early and Sustained Intervention on the Long-term Morbidity of Schizophrenia

Overview

Journal J Psychiatr Res

Specialty Psychiatry

Date 1998 Oct 30

PMID 9793870

Citations 12

Authors

R J Wyatt

I D Henter

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

By examining the literature concerning early intervention with antipsychotic medications, and how it affects long-term morbidity, this article will review the concept that early intervention with antipsychotic medications improves the long-term course of schizophrenia. It also looks at the potential long-term effects of discontinuing antipsychotic medications early in the course of schizophrenia. It appears that early intervention with antipsychotic medications decreases some of the long-term morbidity associated with schizophrenia. Some of the implications of this finding are discussed in the context of both clinical practice and clinical research.

Citing Articles

Finding the Right Setting for the Right Treatment During the Acute Treatment of Individuals with Schizophrenia: A Narrative Review and Clinical Practice Guideline.

Correll C, Arango C, Fagiolini A, Giordano G, Leucht S, Salazar de Pablo G Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2024; 20:1293-1307.

PMID: 38911102 PMC: 11194005. DOI: 10.2147/NDT.S459450.

Metacognition as a Transdiagnostic Determinant of Recovery in Schizotypy and Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders.

Wiesepape C, Smith E, Hillis-Mascia J, Queller Soza S, Morris M, James A Behav Sci (Basel). 2024; 14(4).

PMID: 38667132 PMC: 11047686. DOI: 10.3390/bs14040336.

Multimodal Assessment of Schizophrenia and Depression Utilizing Video, Acoustic, Locomotor, Electroencephalographic, and Heart Rate Technology: Protocol for an Observational Study.

Cotes R, Boazak M, Griner E, Jiang Z, Kim B, Bremer W JMIR Res Protoc. 2022; 11(7):e36417.

PMID: 35830230 PMC: 9330209. DOI: 10.2196/36417.

Advancing study of cognitive impairments for antipsychotic-naïve psychosis comparing high-income versus low- and middle-income countries with a focus on urban China: Systematic review of cognition and study methodology.

Yang L, Ruiz B, Mandavia A, Grivel M, Wong L, Phillips M Schizophr Res. 2020; 220:1-15.

PMID: 32269004 PMC: 8985208. DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2020.01.026.

Neuroprotection of paliperidone on SH-SY5Y cells against β-amyloid peptide(25-35), N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion, and hydrogen peroxide-induced cell death.

Yang M, Lung F Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2011; 217(3):397-410.

PMID: 21523348 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-011-2291-7.

References

Black D, Fisher R . Mortality in DSM-IIIR schizophrenia. Schizophr Res. 1992; 7(2):109-16. DOI: 10.1016/0920-9964(92)90040-c. View

Hegarty J, Baldessarini R, Tohen M, Waternaux C, Oepen G . One hundred years of schizophrenia: a meta-analysis of the outcome literature. Am J Psychiatry. 1994; 151(10):1409-16. DOI: 10.1176/ajp.151.10.1409. View

MAY P, TUMA A, DIXON W . Schizophrenia--a follow-up study of results of treatment. I. Design and other problems. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1976; 33(4):474-8. DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.1976.01770040042008. View

Hare E . Was insanity on the increase? The fifty-sixth Maudsley Lecture. Br J Psychiatry. 1983; 142:439-55. DOI: 10.1192/bjp.142.5.439. View

Harrison G, Cooper J, Gancarczyk R . Changes in the administrative incidence of schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry. 1991; 159:811-6. DOI: 10.1192/bjp.159.6.811. View

Ram R, Bromet E, Eaton W, Pato C, Schwartz J . The natural course of schizophrenia: a review of first-admission studies. Schizophr Bull. 1992; 18(2):185-207. DOI: 10.1093/schbul/18.2.185. View

Johnson D, Pasterski G, Ludlow J, Street K, Taylor R . The discontinuance of maintenance neuroleptic therapy in chronic schizophrenic patients: drug and social consequences. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1983; 67(5):339-52. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1983.tb00351.x. View

Huber G, Gross G, Schuttler R . [Schizophrenia. Clinical course and social psychiatric long term examinations of schizophrenic patients hospitalized in Bonn from 1945-1959]. Monogr Gesamtgeb Psychiatr Psychiatry Ser. 1979; 21:1-399. View

Pritchard M . Prognosis of schizophrenia before and after pharmacotherapy: II. Three-year follow-up. Br J Psychiatry. 1967; 113(505):1353-9. DOI: 10.1192/bjp.113.505.1353. View

10.

Wyatt R, Green M, TUMA A . Long-term morbidity associated with delayed treatment of first admission schizophrenic patients: a re-analysis of the Camarillo State Hospital data. Psychol Med. 1997; 27(2):261-8. DOI: 10.1017/s0033291796004345. View

11.

Curson D, Barnes T, Bamber R, Platt S, Hirsch S, Duffy J . Long-term depot maintenance of chronic schizophrenic out-patients: the seven year follow-up of the Medical Research Council fluphenazine/placebo trial I. Course of illness, stability of diagnosis, and the role of a special maintenance clinic. Br J Psychiatry. 1985; 146:464-9. DOI: 10.1192/bjp.146.5.464. View

12.

Szymanski S, Cannon T, Gallacher F, Erwin R, Gur R . Course of treatment response in first-episode and chronic schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry. 1996; 153(4):519-25. DOI: 10.1176/ajp.153.4.519. View

13.

Carone B, Harrow M, Westermeyer J . Posthospital course and outcome in schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1991; 48(3):247-53. DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.1991.01810270059008. View

14.

Crow T, Macmillan J, Johnson A, Johnstone E . A randomised controlled trial of prophylactic neuroleptic treatment. Br J Psychiatry. 1986; 148:120-7. DOI: 10.1192/bjp.148.2.120. View

15.

Matthews S, Roper M, Mosher L, Menn A . A non-neuroleptic treatment for schizophrenia: analysis of the two-year postdischarge risk of relapse. Schizophr Bull. 1979; 5(2):322-33. DOI: 10.1093/schbul/5.2.322. View

16.

Eagles J, Whalley L . Decline in the diagnosis of schizophrenia among first admissions to Scottish mental hospitals from 1969-78. Br J Psychiatry. 1985; 146:151-4. DOI: 10.1192/bjp.146.2.151. View

17.

Carpenter Jr W, Heinrichs D, Wagman A . Deficit and nondeficit forms of schizophrenia: the concept. Am J Psychiatry. 1988; 145(5):578-83. DOI: 10.1176/ajp.145.5.578. View

18.

Waddington J, Youssef H, Kinsella A . Sequential cross-sectional and 10-year prospective study of severe negative symptoms in relation to duration of initially untreated psychosis in chronic schizophrenia. Psychol Med. 1995; 25(4):849-57. DOI: 10.1017/s0033291700035108. View

19.

ODEGARD O . PATTERN OF DISCHARGE FROM NORWEGIAN PSYCHIATRIC HOSPITALS BEFORE AND AFTER THE INTRODUCTION OF THE PSYCHOTROPIC DRUGS. Am J Psychiatry. 1964; 120:772-8. DOI: 10.1176/ajp.120.8.772. View

20.

Pritchard M . Prognosis of schizophrenia before and after pharmacotherapy: I. Short term outcome. Br J Psychiatry. 1967; 113(505):1345-52. DOI: 10.1192/bjp.113.505.1345. View