Formation of a Preinitiation Complex by S-phase Cyclin CDK-dependent Loading of Cdc45p Onto Chromatin

Cdc45p, a protein essential for initiation of DNA replication, associates with chromatin after "start" in late G1 and during the S phase of the cell cycle. Binding of Cdc45p to chromatin depends on Clb-Cdc28 kinase activity as well as functional Cdc6p and Mcm2p, which suggests that Cdc45p associates with the prereplication complex after activation of S-phase cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). As indicated by the timing and the CDK dependence, binding of Cdc45p to chromatin is crucial for commitment to initiation of DNA replication. During S phase, Cdc45p physically interacts with minichromosome maintenance (MCM) proteins on chromatin; however, dissociation of Cdc45p from chromatin is slower than that of MCMs, which indicates that the proteins are released by different mechanisms.