Giant Perimedullary Arteriovenous Fistulas of the Spine: Clinical and Radiologic Features and Endovascular Treatment

Purpose: To present the clinical and radiologic features of giant perimedullary arteriovenous fistulas (GAVFs) in 12 consecutive cases and to evaluate the results of endovascular treatment.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical and radiologic data as well as the results of balloon endovascular treatment obtained from 1980 to 1989.

Results: GAVFs, defined as large intradural perimedullary direct arteriovenous high-flow shunts, are revealed mainly in childhood either by subarachnoid hemorrhage or by progressive neurologic disorders. MR imaging and myelography show major vascular dilatations. The angioarchitecture of GAVFs can only be assessed by selective spinal angiography. Ten patients were treated by balloon occlusion resulting in eight anatomic cures and six good clinical results. One balloon migrated to the venous side, leading to clinical deterioration.

Conclusion: GAVF is a special subgroup of intradural perimedullary arteriovenous fistula. The endovascular approach should be the first line of treatment, with surgery reserved for special circumstances. Nondetachable balloon occlusion is a safe and efficient method for treating GAVFs.