Calcium and Potassium Inhibit Barrier Recovery After Disruption, Independent of the Type of Insult in Hairless Mice

Disruption of the cutaneous permeability barrier induces metabolic responses in the epidermis which result in barrier recovery. Barrier disruption by either solvent treatment or tape stripping results in the loss of the epidermal calcium gradient. Previous studies in acetone treated hairless mice have shown that maintaining this calcium gradient inhibits barrier repair, suggesting that alterations in the epidermal calcium concentration may be an important signal for barrier homeostasis. In the present study, we show that in hairless mice disruption of the barrier by treatment with the detergent, SDS, also results in the loss of the calcium gradient, as demonstrated both semi-quantitatively with ultrastructural cytochemical localization and quantitatively using proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE). Additionally, immersion in calcium containing solutions delays barrier repair after either detergent (SDS treatment) or mechanical (tape stripping) disruption of the barrier, as reported previously for acetone treated skin. These results indicate that barrier disruption, regardless of the insult, induces changes in the epidermal calcium gradient which may play an important role in signaling the metabolic changes required for barrier homeostasis.