Biology of Plant Cells in Microgravity and Under Clinostating

Experimental data on plant cell reproduction, growth, and differentiation in spaceflight and under clinostating that partially reproduce the biological effects of microgravity are elucidated. The rearrangements of organelle structural and functional organization in unicellular plant organisms as well as in meristematic, differentiating, and differentiated cells of multicellular organisms in these conditions are considered. The focus is on the changes in the interrelations of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms under altered gravity. Ideas on the acceleration of differentiation and aging of cells in microgravity and clinostating and the organism's adaptive possibilities for carrying out its own functions are discussed.