18S RRNA Suggests That Entoprocta Are Protostomes, Unrelated to Ectoprocta

Overview

Journal J Mol Evol

Specialty Biochemistry

Date 1996 May 1

PMID 8662007

Citations 11

Authors

L Y Mackey

B Winnepenninckx

R De Wachter

T Backeljau

P Emschermann

J R Garey

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

The Ento- and Ectoprocta are sometimes placed together in the Bryozoa, which have variously been regarded as proto- or deuterostomes. However, Entoprocta have also been allied to the pseudocoelomates, while Ectoprocta are often united with the Brachiopoda and Phoronida in the (super)phylum Lophophorata. Hence, the phylogenetic relationships of these taxa are still much debated. We determined complete 18S rRNA sequences of two entoprocts, an ectoproct, an inarticulate brachiopod, a phoronid, two annelids, and a platyhelminth. Phylogenetic analyses of these data show that (1) entoprocts and lophophorates have spiralian, protostomous affinities, (2) Ento- and Ectoprocta are not sister taxa, (3) phoronids and brachiopods form a monophyletic clade, and (4) neither Ectoprocta or Annelida appear to be monophyletic. Both deuterostomous and pseudocoelomate features may have arisen at least two times in evolutionary history. These results advocate a Spiralia-Radialia-based classification rather than one based on the Protostomia-Deuterostomia concept.

Citing Articles

New phylogenomic data support the monophyly of Lophophorata and an Ectoproct-Phoronid clade and indicate that Polyzoa and Kryptrochozoa are caused by systematic bias.

Nesnidal M, Helmkampf M, Meyer A, Witek A, Bruchhaus I, Ebersberger I BMC Evol Biol. 2013; 13:253.

PMID: 24238092 PMC: 4225663. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-13-253.

The complete mitochondrial genome of Flustra foliacea (Ectoprocta, Cheilostomata) - compositional bias affects phylogenetic analyses of lophotrochozoan relationships.

Nesnidal M, Helmkampf M, Bruchhaus I, Hausdorf B BMC Genomics. 2011; 12:572.

PMID: 22111761 PMC: 3285623. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-12-572.

Complete mitochondrial genome of Bugula neritina (Bryozoa, Gymnolaemata, Cheilostomata): phylogenetic position of Bryozoa and phylogeny of lophophorates within the Lophotrochozoa.

Jang K, Hwang U BMC Genomics. 2009; 10:167.

PMID: 19379522 PMC: 2678162. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-10-167.

Phylogenomic analyses of lophophorates (brachiopods, phoronids and bryozoans) confirm the Lophotrochozoa concept.

Helmkampf M, Bruchhaus I, Hausdorf B Proc Biol Sci. 2008; 275(1645):1927-33.

PMID: 18495619 PMC: 2593926. DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2008.0372.

Myzostomida: a link between trochozoans and flatworms?.

Eeckhaut I, McHugh D, Mardulyn P, Tiedemann R, Monteyne D, Jangoux M Proc Biol Sci. 2000; 267(1451):1383-92.

PMID: 10983821 PMC: 1690696. DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2000.1154.

References

De Rijk P, De Wachter R . DCSE, an interactive tool for sequence alignment and secondary structure research. Comput Appl Biosci. 1993; 9(6):735-40. DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/9.6.735. View

Field K, Olsen G, Lane D, Giovannoni S, Ghiselin M, Raff E . Molecular phylogeny of the animal kingdom. Science. 1988; 239(4841 Pt 1):748-53. DOI: 10.1126/science.3277277. View

Saitou N, Nei M . The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Mol Biol Evol. 1987; 4(4):406-25. DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040454. View

Bremer K . THE LIMITS OF AMINO ACID SEQUENCE DATA IN ANGIOSPERM PHYLOGENETIC RECONSTRUCTION. Evolution. 2017; 42(4):795-803. DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1988.tb02497.x. View

Winnepenninckx B, Backeljau T, De Wachter R . Extraction of high molecular weight DNA from molluscs. Trends Genet. 1993; 9(12):407. DOI: 10.1016/0168-9525(93)90102-n. View

Van der Auwera G, Chapelle S, De Wachter R . Structure of the large ribosomal subunit RNA of Phytophthora megasperma, and phylogeny of the oomycetes. FEBS Lett. 1994; 338(2):133-6. DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(94)80350-1. View

ECKERT K, Kunkel T . DNA polymerase fidelity and the polymerase chain reaction. PCR Methods Appl. 1991; 1(1):17-24. DOI: 10.1101/gr.1.1.17. View

Winnepenninckx B, Backeljau T, Mackey L, Brooks J, De Wachter R, Kumar S . 18S rRNA data indicate that Aschelminthes are polyphyletic in origin and consist of at least three distinct clades. Mol Biol Evol. 1995; 12(6):1132-7. DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040287. View

Van de Peer Y, De Wachter R . TREECON: a software package for the construction and drawing of evolutionary trees. Comput Appl Biosci. 1993; 9(2):177-82. DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/9.2.177. View

10.

Olsen G, Woese C . Ribosomal RNA: a key to phylogeny. FASEB J. 1993; 7(1):113-23. DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.7.1.8422957. View

11.

Van de Peer Y, Neefs J, De Wachter R . Small ribosomal subunit RNA sequences, evolutionary relationships among different life forms, and mitochondrial origins. J Mol Evol. 1990; 30(5):463-76. DOI: 10.1007/BF02101118. View

12.

Hempstead P, Regular S, Ball I . A method for the preparation of high-molecular-weight DNA from marine and freshwater triclads (Platyhelminthes, Turbellaria). DNA Cell Biol. 1990; 9(1):57-61. DOI: 10.1089/dna.1990.9.57. View

13.

Halanych K, Bacheller J, Aguinaldo A, Liva S, Hillis D, Lake J . Evidence from 18S ribosomal DNA that the lophophorates are protostome animals. Science. 1995; 267(5204):1641-3. DOI: 10.1126/science.7886451. View

14.

Van de Peer Y, Van den Broeck I, De Rijk P, De Wachter R . Database on the structure of small ribosomal subunit RNA. Nucleic Acids Res. 1994; 22(17):3488-94. PMC: 308309. DOI: 10.1093/nar/22.17.3488. View

15.

Bej A, Mahbubani M, Atlas R . Amplification of nucleic acids by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and other methods and their applications. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol. 1991; 26(3-4):301-34. DOI: 10.3109/10409239109114071. View

16.

Kimura M . A simple method for estimating evolutionary rates of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences. J Mol Evol. 1980; 16(2):111-20. DOI: 10.1007/BF01731581. View

17.

Felsenstein J . Phylogenies from molecular sequences: inference and reliability. Annu Rev Genet. 1988; 22:521-65. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.ge.22.120188.002513. View

18.

Gutmann W, Vogel K, Zorn H . Brachiopods: biomechanical interdependences governing their origin and phylogeny. Science. 1978; 199(4331):890-3. DOI: 10.1126/science.199.4331.890. View

19.

Rzhetsky A, Kumar S, Nei M . Four-cluster analysis: a simple method to test phylogenetic hypotheses. Mol Biol Evol. 1995; 12(1):163-7. DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040185. View

20.

Bevan I, Rapley R, Walker M . Sequencing of PCR-amplified DNA. PCR Methods Appl. 1992; 1(4):222-8. DOI: 10.1101/gr.1.4.222. View