An Epidemiological Investigation of Norwalk Virus Infection in South Africa

Overview

Journal Epidemiol Infect

Publisher Cambridge University Press

Specialties Infectious Diseases
Public Health

Date 1996 Apr 1

PMID 8620912

Citations 12

Authors

M B Taylor

S Parker

W O Grabow

W D Cubitt

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

A study was carried out to determine the incidence and seroprevalence of Norwalk virus (NV) in the Pretoria area, South Africa, using a recombinant NV (rNV) immunoassay for the detection of serum IgG antibodies. Maternal antibody was detectable in infants' sera up to approximately 6 months of age. Infection with NV was detected serologically in the second year of life and the seroprevalence of NV IgG rose from 37.1% at 7-11 months of age to 62.1% by the age of 40 years. No significant differences in seroprevalence of NV IgG antibody was evident between subjects of European or African ethnic origin, where overall seroprevalence rates were 56.4% and 53.9% respectively.

Citing Articles

Serological Humoral Immunity Following Natural Infection of Children with High Burden Gastrointestinal Viruses.

Zweigart M, Becker-Dreps S, Bucardo F, Gonzalez F, Baric R, Lindesmith L Viruses. 2021; 13(10).

PMID: 34696463 PMC: 8538683. DOI: 10.3390/v13102033.

The First Molecular Detection of Aichi Virus 1 in Raw Sewage and Mussels Collected in South Africa.

Onosi O, Upfold N, Jukes M, Luke G, Knox C Food Environ Virol. 2018; 11(1):96-100.

PMID: 30560489 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-018-9362-4.

Norovirus epidemiology in South African children <5 years hospitalised for diarrhoeal illness between 2009 and 2013.

Page N, Groome M, Nadan S, Netshikweta R, Keddy K, Poonsamy B Epidemiol Infect. 2017; 145(9):1942-1952.

PMID: 28393756 PMC: 9203319. DOI: 10.1017/S0950268817000668.

Norovirus Epidemiology in Africa: A Review.

Mans J, Armah G, Steele A, Taylor M PLoS One. 2016; 11(4):e0146280.

PMID: 27116615 PMC: 4846019. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146280.

Current Status of Norovirus Infections in Children in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Munjita S J Trop Med. 2015; 2015:309648.

PMID: 26649055 PMC: 4663330. DOI: 10.1155/2015/309648.

References

Wolfaardt M, Taylor M, Grabow W, Cubitt W, Jiang X . Molecular characterisation of small round structured viruses associated with gastroenteritis in South Africa. J Med Virol. 1995; 47(4):386-91. DOI: 10.1002/jmv.1890470415. View

Parker S, Cubitt W, Jiang X . Enzyme immunoassay using baculovirus-expressed human calicivirus (Mexico) for the measurement of IgG responses and determining its seroprevalence in London, UK. J Med Virol. 1995; 46(3):194-200. DOI: 10.1002/jmv.1890460305. View

Greenberg H, Valdesuso J, Kapikian A, Chanock R, Wyatt R, SZMUNESS W . Prevalence of antibody to the Norwalk virus in various countries. Infect Immun. 1979; 26(1):270-3. PMC: 414606. DOI: 10.1128/iai.26.1.270-273.1979. View

Blacklow N, Cukor G, Bedigian M, Echeverria P, Greenberg H, Schreiber D . Immune response and prevalence of antibody to Norwalk enteritis virus as determined by radioimmunoassay. J Clin Microbiol. 1979; 10(6):903-9. PMC: 273291. DOI: 10.1128/jcm.10.6.903-909.1979. View

Black R, Greenberg H, Kapikian A, Brown K, Becker S . Acquisition of serum antibody to Norwalk Virus and rotavirus and relation to diarrhea in a longitudinal study of young children in rural Bangladesh. J Infect Dis. 1982; 145(4):483-9. DOI: 10.1093/infdis/145.4.483. View

Caul E, Appleton H . The electron microscopical and physical characteristics of small round human fecal viruses: an interim scheme for classification. J Med Virol. 1982; 9(4):257-65. DOI: 10.1002/jmv.1890090403. View

Blacklow N, Herrmann J, Cubitt W . Immunobiology of Norwalk virus. Ciba Found Symp. 1987; 128:144-61. DOI: 10.1002/9780470513460.ch9. View

Beards G . Laboratory diagnosis of viral gastroenteritis. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 1988; 7(1):11-3. PMC: 7087730. DOI: 10.1007/BF01962164. View

Lewis D . Three serotypes of Norwalk-like virus demonstrated by solid-phase immune electron microscopy. J Med Virol. 1990; 30(1):77-81. DOI: 10.1002/jmv.1890300117. View

10.

Xi J, Graham D, Wang K, Estes M . Norwalk virus genome cloning and characterization. Science. 1990; 250(4987):1580-3. DOI: 10.1126/science.2177224. View

11.

Madore H, Treanor J, Buja R, Dolin R . Antigenic relatedness among the Norwalk-like agents by serum antibody rises. J Med Virol. 1990; 32(2):96-101. DOI: 10.1002/jmv.1890320206. View

12.

Cubitt W . Human, small round structured viruses, caliciviruses and astroviruses. Baillieres Clin Gastroenterol. 1990; 4(3):643-56. DOI: 10.1016/0950-3528(90)90054-k. View

13.

Blacklow N, Greenberg H . Viral gastroenteritis. N Engl J Med. 1991; 325(4):252-64. DOI: 10.1056/NEJM199107253250406. View

14.

Lewis D . Norwalk agent and other small-round structured viruses in the U.K. J Infect. 1991; 23(2):220-2. DOI: 10.1016/0163-4453(91)92567-o. View

15.

Jiang X, Wang M, Graham D, Estes M . Expression, self-assembly, and antigenicity of the Norwalk virus capsid protein. J Virol. 1992; 66(11):6527-32. PMC: 240146. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.66.11.6527-6532.1992. View

16.

Gray J, Jiang X, Morgan-Capner P, Desselberger U, Estes M . Prevalence of antibodies to Norwalk virus in England: detection by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using baculovirus-expressed Norwalk virus capsid antigen. J Clin Microbiol. 1993; 31(4):1022-5. PMC: 263611. DOI: 10.1128/jcm.31.4.1022-1025.1993. View

17.

Treanor J, Jiang X, Madore H, Estes M . Subclass-specific serum antibody responses to recombinant Norwalk virus capsid antigen (rNV) in adults infected with Norwalk, Snow Mountain, or Hawaii virus. J Clin Microbiol. 1993; 31(6):1630-4. PMC: 265593. DOI: 10.1128/jcm.31.6.1630-1634.1993. View

18.

Taylor M, Schildhauer C, Parker S, Grabow W, Xi J, Estes M . Two successive outbreaks of SRSV-associated gastroenteritis in South Africa. J Med Virol. 1993; 41(1):18-23. DOI: 10.1002/jmv.1890410105. View

19.

Parker S, Cubitt D, Jiang J, Estes M . Efficacy of a recombinant Norwalk virus protein enzyme immunoassay for the diagnosis of infections with Norwalk virus and other human "candidate" caliciviruses. J Med Virol. 1993; 41(3):179-84. DOI: 10.1002/jmv.1890410302. View

20.

Numata K, Nakata S, Jiang X, Estes M, Chiba S . Epidemiological study of Norwalk virus infections in Japan and Southeast Asia by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays with Norwalk virus capsid protein produced by the baculovirus expression system. J Clin Microbiol. 1994; 32(1):121-6. PMC: 262980. DOI: 10.1128/jcm.32.1.121-126.1994. View