Congenital Juvenile Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia: Therapeutic Trial with Interferon Alpha-2

A newborn with congenital juvenile chronic myelogenous leukemia (JCML) is described. The diagnosis was suggested by the characteristic clinical and hematologic presentation, and was confirmed by the results of in-vitro cultures of the hematopoietic progenitors, which showed excessive proliferation of monocytic colonies, with and without the addition of exogenous granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Based on published in-vitro response of JCML cells to alpha interferon-2 (alpha IFN 2), we treated this child for 17 weeks with subcutaneous alpha interferon, 1,000,000 units per day. In contrast to previous in vitro results, treatment of this patient affected neither the clinical course of the disease, nor the in vitro growth of the peripheral blood-derived monocytic colonies.