Distinguishing Features of an Infectious Molecular Clone of the Highly Divergent and Noncytopathic Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2 UC1 Strain
Overview
Authors
Affiliations
A full-length infectious molecular clone was derived from the noncytopathic human immunodeficiency virus type 2 UC1 strain (HIV-2UC1) that was originally recoverd from an individual from the Ivory Coast. Like the parental isolate, the molecularly cloned virus (HIV-2UC1mc or UC1 mc) demonstrates a reduced ability to induce syncytium formation, to kill cells, and to down-modulate the cell surface CD4 receptor in infected cells. Phylogenetic analysis of the DNA sequence of UC1mc revealed that it is the first full-length infectious molecular clone in the second HIV-2 subgroup previously identified by partial sequence analysis of the HIV-2D205 and HIV-2GH-2 strains. These highly divergent HIV-2 strains appear to be genetically equidistant from other HIV-2 and simian immunodeficiency virus SIVmac/sm strains. UC1mc is unlike any other HIV-2 or SIVmac/sm strain in that it lacks a cysteine residue at the proposed signal peptide cleavage site in Env. However, site-directed mutagenesis experiments indicate that this missing cysteine is not alone important in the noncytopathic phenotype of UC1mc. Like other HIV-2 and SIV strains, the UC1mc Env transmembrane protein (gp43) is mutated to a truncated form (gp34) after passage in certain T-cell lines. The UC1 molecular clone should be helpful in determining the genetic sequences associated with HIV-2 cytopathicity.
Harris M, Ratnapriya S, Chov A, Cervera H, Block A, Gu C Cell Rep. 2020; 31(10):107749.
PMID: 32521274 PMC: 7336836. DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107749.
Heusinger E, Deppe K, Sette P, Krapp C, Kmiec D, Kluge S J Virol. 2018; 92(18).
PMID: 29976668 PMC: 6146695. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.00276-18.
Doring M, Borrego P, Buch J, Martins A, Friedrich G, Camacho R Retrovirology. 2016; 13(1):85.
PMID: 27998283 PMC: 5168878. DOI: 10.1186/s12977-016-0320-7.
Recombinant viruses initiated the early HIV-1 epidemic in Burkina Faso.
Fonjungo P, Kalish M, Schaefer A, Rayfield M, Mika J, Rose L PLoS One. 2014; 9(3):e92423.
PMID: 24647246 PMC: 3960253. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092423.
Broad and potent neutralizing antibody responses elicited in natural HIV-2 infection.
Kong R, Li H, Bibollet-Ruche F, Decker J, Zheng N, Gottlieb G J Virol. 2011; 86(2):947-60.
PMID: 22031948 PMC: 3255805. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.06155-11.